7.2 Coastal Landscapes: Coastal Processes (Edexcel GCSE Geography A)

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  • What is a coastal enquiry?

    A coastal enquiry involves fieldwork to investigate aspects of the coast like processes, landforms, and management strategies.

  • What are aims in the context of a coastal enquiry?

    Aims are focused on a particular place for investigation, such as exploring coastal processes on a specific beach.

  • What is a null hypothesis?

    A null hypothesis is a statement that is the opposite of the hypothesis, to avoid bias in data collection. For example, 'Coastal management strategies used at Y beach have not taken conflicting views into account'.

  • True or False?

    All parts of the coast need to be sampled in a coastal enquiry.

    False.

    It is not practical to sample all parts of the coast, so sampling strategies like systematic or random sampling are used.

  • What equipment is used for coastal fieldwork?

    Equipment includes:

    • Tape measure

    • Compass

    • Ranging poles

    • Clinometer

    • Callipers

    • Quadrats

    • Recording sheets

    • Camera

  • Define stratified sampling for a coast enquiry.

    Stratified sampling for coasts means dividing sampling sites into groups, like three sites from each section of the beach.

  • What risks are associated with coastal fieldwork?

    Risks include:

    • Tides

    • Weather

    • Slippery rocks

    • Polluted water

    • Working in unfamiliar places

    • Equipment misuse

  • How would systematic sampling be carried out in a coastal enquiry?

    Systematic sampling means sampling sites at regular intervals along the stretch of coast.

  • What is opportunistic sampling?

    Opportunistic sampling is when sites are selected for ease or convenience. For example, they are easy sections of the beach to access.

  • True or False?

    'To explore the impact of coastal processes on Y beach' is an example of a hypothesis.

    False.

    'To explore the impact of coastal processes on Y beach' is an example of an aim.

  • What is a beach profile?

    A beach profile uses distance and angle measurements to identify the shape of the beach.

  • How are beach profiles measured?

    Beach profiles are measured by taking readings along transect lines from the sea to the end of the beach.

  • What is meant by sediment analysis?

    Sediment analysis examines how beach material is sorted across the beach width, linking to longshore drift.

  • True or False?

    Measuring longshore drift involves marking pebbles.

    True.

    Measuring longshore drift involves marking pebbles, releasing them, and measuring their movement.

  • What data is collected to examine the effect of groynes?

    Data collected to examine the effect of groynes includes measuring the height of beach material on either side.

  • What is rip-rap?

    Rip-rap, or rock armour, refers to boulders used for coastal defence.

  • How is rip-rap data collected?

    Rip-rap data collected includes measuring boulder dimensions and angle facing waves.

  • What graph type shows continuous data well?

    Line graphs show continuous data well, displaying changes over time or space.

  • How are scatter graphs used to examine coastal data?

    Scatter graphs are used to show the relationship between two coastal variables, like beach slope and pebble size.

  • What secondary data sources are useful for coasts?

    Useful secondary data includes old photos, maps, weather data from the Met Office, aerial photos.