7.1 River Landscapes: River Channel Change (Edexcel GCSE Geography A)

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  • What is the Bradshaw Model?

    The Bradshaw Model is a theoretical model used to explain how rivers change as they flow downstream.

  • True or False?

    The enquiry process includes identifying a question and context.

    True.

    The enquiry process includes identifying a question and context.

  • What is a hypothesis?

    A hypothesis is a statement that is tested through fieldwork.

  • What is systematic sampling?

    Systematic sampling means sampling sites at regular intervals to cover all parts of the river.

  • How are sample sites selected in an enquiry?

    Site selection involves sampling to reduce bias.

  • What equipment is needed for river fieldwork?

    Equipment for a river enquiry includes:

    • Tape measure

    • Meter rule

    • Clipboard

    • Pencil

    • Camera

    • Float or flowmeter

    • Stopwatch

  • True or False?

    Risk assessments are not needed for river fieldwork.

    False.

    Risk assessments are needed for any fieldwork to consider health and safety.

  • What is the aim of a risk assessment?

    A risk assessment aims to identify and mitigate (reduce) potential risks associated with fieldwork.

  • "The velocity of River Y will increase with distance downstream". Is this an example of an aim or a hypothesis?

    The statement 'The velocity of River Y will increase with distance downstream' is an example of a hypothesis.

  • Give one risk associated with river fieldwork.

    There are several risks associated with river fieldwork including:

    • Weather conditions

    • Slippery rocks

    • Polluted water

    • Working in an unfamiliar place

    • Misuse of equipment

  • Define the term river discharge?

    Discharge is the volume of water flowing past a specific point at a given time.

  • State the equation for calculating discharge.

    Discharge (m³/s) = cross-sectional area (m²) x velocity (m/s).

  • What does cross-sectional area mean?

    Cross-sectional area is the area of a river channel perpendicular to the flow.

  • How is velocity measured in a river?

    Velocity is measured by timing how long it takes a float to travel a set distance or using a flowmeter.

  • True or False?

    Photographs are quantitative data.

    False.

    Photographs and field sketches are qualitative data.

  • What are the strengths of using line graphs to present data?

    Strengths of line graphs include:

    • Showing trends clearly

    • Being quick to construct

    • Easy to interpret

    • Requiring little explanation.

  • What are scatter graphs used for?

    Scatter graphs are used to show the relationship between two variables.

  • Define river gradient.

    River gradient is the decrease in height of a river over a certain distance downstream.

  • What may statistical analysis involve for river data?

    Statistical analysis may involve calculating the mean for variables like depth and velocity.

  • What should conclusions state for a river enquiry?

    Conclusions should state whether the hypothesis was proved or disproved and explain any anomalies.