What is development?
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What is development?
Development is a process of change that raises standards of living and quality of life as the country improves.
What factors can slow, halt, or reverse development?
Factors that can slow, halt or reverse development are:
War/conflict
Disease
Disasters
Economic recession
What are some of the strands or factors that contribute to a country's development?
Some of the strands or factors that contribute to a country's development are physical, social, psychological, economic, cultural and technological.
What is food and water security?
Food and water security is having physical and economic access to food and water.
What is GDP?
GDP is the total value of goods and services produced by a country in a year.
What does the Human Development Index measure?
The Human Development Index measures a country's gross national income, life expectancy, education levels to produce an indicator of development between 0-1.
What does the Gini Index measure?
The Gini Index measures income inequality on a scale from 0 to 1, with higher numbers indicating higher inequality.
What does the Corruption Perception Index measure?
The Corruption Perception Index measures the level of political corruption in a country from 'highly corrupt' to 'very clean'.
Why is it better to use multiple indicators to measure development?
It is better to use multiple indicators to measure development because individual indicators alone can be misleading. Using multiple indicators produces a clearer picture.
What is quality of life?
Quality of life is a person's well-being in terms of environment, security and health.
What is the global pattern of development?
The global pattern of development can be defined as follows:
Development levels vary on local, national and international scales in an uneven way.
What are the three categories countries can be placed into based on their development level?
The three categories that countries can be placed into based on their development level are:
Developing/Least Developed
Emerging
Developed
What are some characteristics of developing/least developed countries?
Characteristics of developing/least developed countries include high levels of poverty, low GNI per capita and a low standard of living.
What are some characteristics of emerging countries?
Characteristics of emerging countries include increasing wealth, high and medium human development and growing secondary economic activities.
What are some characteristics of developed countries?
Some characteristics of developed countries are:
Good level of services
High GNI per capita
High standard of living
Dominant tertiary activities
What factors lead to uneven global development?
Factors that lead to uneven global development are physical, historic and economic factors.
What inequality exists within the UK?
The inequality that exists within the UK is the North-South divide, with the North being less developed than the South.
How is the North of England characterised?
The North of England is characterised by labour politics, traditional manufacturing and reliance on public services.
How is the South of England characterised?
The South of England is characterised with conservative politics, private enterprise, offices and financial services.
What is the difference between core and peripheral regions?
The differences between the core and peripheral regions are that:
Core regions are more urban and developed
Periphery regions are more rural and less developed.
How can physical causes impact development?
Physical causes that impact development are:
Landlocked countries have less access to trade routes
Small countries which often have fewer resources
Extreme climates/weather which hinder development
How can economic causes impact development?
Economic causes impact development because poverty slows improvements to living standards, education levels affect workforce skills, and trade is dominated by wealthier regions.
How can social causes impact development?
Social causes impact development because a lack of equality and healthcare reduce productivity, and levels of education affect development.
How are developing countries disadvantaged in trade?
Developing countries are disadvantaged in trade because they are paid less for exports than developed countries, and face trade barriers.
How can technology help development?
Technology can help development by increasing food, water and energy security through improved farming and resource use.
How can government policies impact development?
Government policies impact development through unstable or corrupt governments hindering investment in development and human welfare.
How has colonisation affected development?
Colonisation has affected development because many former colonies were exploited for resources, facing challenges after independence.
How does conflict hinder development?
Conflict hinders development because it reduces the workforce, money is spent on weapons, not development, and it damages infrastructure.
How does residence impact development?
Residence impacts development by making urban areas more attractive to investment, leading to increased income compared to rural areas.
What evidence shows the development gap in South America?
The evidence that shows the development gap in South America is differences in GDP per capita and GDP growth rates between countries.
What is the role of intergovernmental organisations (IGOs) in reducing uneven development?
IGOs receive donations from governments and allocate money to development projects in other countries.
Name some UN organisations that work on development.
UN organisations that work on development:
World Health Organisation (WHO)
Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO)
UNESCO
Name some other major IGOs involved in development
Other major IGOs involved in development:
The World Bank
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
World Trade Organization (WTO)
What are the Sustainable Development Goals?
The Sustainable Development Goals are 17 goals agreed by 193 countries to promote development, including zero hunger and quality education.
How does debt relief help development?
Debt relief helps development by allowing countries to focus spending on development instead of debt repayments.
What are some types of international aid?
Some types of international aid are advice, technology transfers, food and money.
Why is appropriate aid important?
Appropriate aid is important because it needs to fit the needs of the receiving community to be effective.
How does fair trade promote development?
Fair trade promotes development by ensuring producers in poor countries get fair pay and investment in local communities.
What are examples of top-down development strategies?
Top-down development strategies include major infrastructure projects, free trade policies and industrial development
What are examples of bottom-up development strategies?
Examples of bottom-up strategies include small community projects like wells, schools and farmer training