Define the term resource.
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Define the term resource.
A resource is something which has value to humans and has a purpose.
True or False?
Areas with plentiful resources tend to have higher levels of development.
True.
Areas with plentiful resources tend to have higher levels of development. However, there are exceptions to this.
What is the term used to describe not having enough food to meet the body's needs?
Malnourishment is the term used to describe not having enough food to meet the body's needs.
Define the term food security.
Food security is when people have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food.
What percentage of the world's population is at risk from life-threatening hunger?
Over 800 million people are at risk from life-threatening hunger: almost 9% of the world's population.
True or False?
HICs consume more energy than LICs.
True.
HICs consume far more energy than LICs because the demands for industry, domestic use and agriculture are all higher.
What percentage of food in the UK is imported?
Approximately 46% of food in the UK is imported.
What is meant by organic farming?
Organic farming is where crops are grown and livestock raised:
Without using artificial pesticides and fertilisers.
Using natural predators to control pests.
Using natural fertilisers such as green manures .
Using crop rotation.
Without the use of hormones and routine use of antibiotics.
How much water does the average person in the UK use each day?
The average person in the UK uses 152 litres of water a day. Less than 5% of this is for drinking.
True or False?
The south and east of the UK have a water surplus.
False.
The north and west of the UK have a water surplus. This is due to higher precipitation and lower population density.
The south and east of the UK have a water deficit. This is due to lower precipitation and higher population density.
Name two sources of water pollution in the UK.
Sources of water pollution in the UK include:
Agriculture.
Industry.
Energy production.
Transport.
Domestic waste.
Mining.
True or False?
Energy consumption in the UK has increased 13% since 1970.
False.
Energy consumption in the UK has decreased by approximately 13% since 1970.
What percentage of the UK's energy is produced using fossil fuels?
Over 50% of the UK's electricity is produced using fossil fuels.
True or False?
The UK is not energy secure.
True.
Over 50% of the UK's gas supply is imported, mainly from Norway and 11% of the oil is imported.
True or False?
Sufficient food is produced to feed the world's population.
True.
Sufficient food is produced to feed the world's population.
What is the recommended daily calorie intake for an active, healthy life?
The recommended daily calorie intake for an active, healthy life is about 2,500 calories.
Name two factors which affect food supply.
Several factors can affect food supply. These include:
Climate.
Technology.
Pests and diseases.
Water stress.
Conflict.
Poverty.
Define the term wasting.
Wasting occurs when people have low weight in relation to their height. It affects 45 million children under the age of 5.
What impact on food prices does food insecurity have?
Food insecurity leads to an increase in food prices because when there is increased demand and reduced supply, the prices increase.
Define the term irrigation.
Irrigation is the artificial watering of crops.
What is genetic modification, or biotechnology?
Genetic modification, or biotechnology, is when the genetic material of a crop is altered to make it disease- or pest-resistant, have a higher yield, or be drought-resistant.
How much of Europe's food and vegetable supply is grown in the Almeria region of Spain?
Between 40-50% of Europe's food and vegetable supply is grown in the Almeria region of Spain.
What are two disadvantages of agricultural development in Almeria, Spain?
There are several disadvantages of agricultural development in Almeria, Spain, including:
Chemical waste.
Ill-health among workers.
Plastic waste.
Poor conditions for workers.
Habitat destruction.
Soil contamination.
Water pollution.
Define the term seasonal food.
Seasonal food is the consumption of food that is in season for the local area. In the UK, strawberries are a summer fruit.
What type of sustainable food production converts wasteland or unused areas, such as rooftops, into productive land to grow crops?
Urban farming initiatives convert wasteland or unused areas, such as rooftops, into productive land to grow crops.
Define the term agroforestry.
Agroforestry is a land-use system that combines agriculture with trees and shrubs.
How much of the global water supply is used for agriculture?
Approximately 70% of the global water supply is used for agriculture.
Define the term over-abstraction.
Abstraction is when water is taken from a water source. Over-abstraction occurs when more water is taken than the amount of water falling as rain. This will cause water storage levels to decrease.
Define the term water insecurity.
The term water insecurity refers to when a place or country does not have a clean, reliable water source.
True or False?
Areas of the world with a water deficit include north-east Brazil, Canada and Russia.
False.
Areas of the world with a water surplus include north-east Brazil, Canada and Russia.
Areas of the world with a water deficit include Australia, the Middle East, north, east and south Africa.
What term is used when the supply of water is below 1700 m3 per person?
Water stress is the term used when the supply of water is below 1700 m3 per person.
Name two health impacts of water insecurity.
There are several health impacts of water insecurity, including:
The spread of waterborne diseases such as cholera, typhoid fever and dysentery.
Diarrhoea (one of the most common effects of waterborne disease), which leads to the death of more than 0.5 million children a year.
Unsafe water leads to 1.2 million deaths a year.
What percentage of the world's water sources cross a boundary between countries?
At least 60% of the world's water sources—rivers and aquifers—cross a boundary between countries. Actions in one country can have significant impacts on countries and regions downstream.
Define the term desalination.
Desalination is the process of removing salt from seawater so that it can be used for agriculture, industry and domestic purposes.
What is the name of China's main water transfer project?
China's main water transfer project is the South-North Water Transfer Project (SNWTP).
What impact has the over-abstraction of groundwater around Beijing had?
The over-abstraction of water in Beijing has led to subsidence. In some areas of the city, this has been as much as 11 cm.
Name two methods of water conservation.
There are several water conservation strategies, including:
Reducing leaks.
Educate people to use and waste less.
Water meters.
Water-efficient appliances.
Reducing water pollution.
Efficient irrigation.
Define the term grey water.
Grey water is the term used to describe domestic wastewater that is not sewage (from a toilet). It can include water from showers, sinks, baths and washing appliances.
How do elephant water pumps reduce contamination?
Elephant water pumps are enclosed, which reduces contamination.
What impacts has the installation of elephant water pumps had in Shinja?
The installation of elephant water pumps in Shinja has:
Decreased diseases such as diarrhoea and bilharzia.
Increased vegetable growing and livestock rearing.
Reduced the potential for conflict with neighbouring communities.
Reduced the time taken to collect water.
Increased food intake and quality.
Increased attendance at school.
What are the three main causes of the increase in global energy demand?
The three main causes of the increase in global energy demand are:
Population growth.
Economic development.
Technology.
True or False?
Urbanisation decreases the demand for energy.
False.
Urbanisation increases the demand for energy due to the rising numbers of domestic appliances, heating and lighting.
Define the term energy gap.
An energy gap is when a country cannot meet the demand for energy using its own resources.
What conditions must be met for a country to be energy-secure?
For a country to be energy secure it needs to have an:
Uninterrupted supply of energy
Affordable supply
Accessible supply
True or False?
Only LICs and NEEs experience energy insecurity.
False.
HICs, NEEs, and LICs all experience energy insecurity. Often, in HICs, it is because the demand for energy is so high.
What are the four main impacts of energy insecurity?
The four main impacts of energy insecurity are:
Exploration of difficult and environmentally sensitive areas.
The use of land for biofuels decreases the availability of land for crops.
Decrease in industrial output.
Conflict over energy sources.
Name three fossil fuels.
The three fossil fuels are gas, oil and coal.
What are the main disadvantages of nuclear energy?
The main disadvantages of nuclear energy are:
Nuclear waste is radioactive and expensive to dispose of.
Power stations are expensive.
Risk of nuclear accidents such as Chernobyl and Fukushima.
Possible health impacts in the areas around nuclear power stations.
Define the term renewable energy.
Renewable energy sources are infinite and will not run out. They include:
Hydroelectric.
Wave/tidal.
Wind.
Solar.
Geothermal.
Biomass/waste.
List three ways in which individuals in their homes can reduce energy use.
Ways in which individuals in their homes can reduce energy use include:
Loft insulation.
Double-glazed windows.
Energy-efficient appliances.
Solar panels.
Cavity wall insulation.
Condensing boiler.
Give one advantage of gas as an energy source.
There are four main advantages of gas as an energy source, which include:
Easily transported.
Lower risk of accidents than coal and oil.
Lower greenhouse gas emissions.
Lower cost than other fossil fuels.
What is the main source of energy for Nepal's rural population?
The main source of energy for Nepal's rural population is fuelwood.
How many micro-hydro plants have been built in Nepal?
Over 3 000 micro-hydro plants have been built in Nepal.
Give two advantages of the Ruma Khola micro-hydro plant.
There are several advantages of the Ruma-Khola micro-hydro plant, including:
It provides electricity for the town of Darbang and five neighbouring villages.
It supplies energy for 22 industries .
Built and operated by the community.
The loans used to build it are paid back using money that the community pays for the electricity supply.
It has improved the standard of living in the communities.
Reliance on kerosene and fuelwood has reduced and emissions have fallen.
Deforestation has decreased.