How to Write a Macbeth Essay (OCR GCSE English Literature)

Revision Note

Nick Redgrove

Written by: Nick Redgrove

Reviewed by: Kate Lee

How to Write a Macbeth Essay

Paper 2 of your OCR GCSE English Literature exam will include questions on your anthology poetry, unseen poetry and on the Shakespeare play you’ve been studying.

You will have 50 minutes to complete one Macbeth question from a choice of two options:

  • A question based on an extract (of about 40 lines) from Macbeth or 

  • A “discursive” essay question, which is not based on any extract

Examiner Tips and Tricks

You will not have access to a copy of Macbeth for either of these two questions, so it’s important you know the plot of the play really well, and that you have memorised some references and quotes from the play to use in your essay. 

For the Macbeth essay, OCR examiners state that you need to use evidence from elsewhere in the play, even for the extract-based question: to get a Grade 9, it’s not enough to rely on the text from the extract. See our Macbeth Quotations and Analysis revision note page for some great quotations to learn.

How do you start a Macbeth essay?

It’s always daunting when you have 50 minutes to write one long answer. So how do you start writing? It might sound odd, but the answer is don’t start writing.

The single most important thing you can do to get the highest mark on your Macbeth essay is to write an essay plan before you start your answer. For both the extract-based question and the discursive essay, examiners award the highest marks to students who create a “coherent line of argument” and who maintain a “focus on the question” and a “critical style”. What do these phrases actually mean?

Examiner comment

What this means you should do

“Focus on the question”

  • Ensure that you understand what the question means before you start writing

  • Ensure your argument answers the question, from your introduction onwards

  • Don’t include analysis that is unrelated to the question

“Coherent line of argument”

  • Include an introduction that sets out your argument

  • Ensure your argument is consistent throughout your essay

  • Write a topic sentence for each paragraph which include the key words from the exam question 

  • Include a conclusion that summarises your line of reasoning

“Critical style”

  • Make sure you have offered your opinion on the question

  • Offer different interpretations of the play

By creating a plan before you start writing, you can make sure that your essay covers all three of these points.

Your plan could look something like this:

Macbeth OCR GCSE Macbeth Essay Plan

How do you structure a Macbeth essay?

As we’ve seen, examiners give the highest marks to students who have managed to create a “coherent line of argument” throughout their essay. We’ve seen that the best way to achieve this is to create a plan, and to use that plan to structure your essay clearly and logically. 

To achieve a grade 9, OCR recommends that students include an introduction, clearly organised paragraphs and a conclusion

If you look at the example plan above, you will see that the example plan includes a “thesis statement” and “topic questions”. See how to include these into your essay below:

Macbeth OCR GCSE Essay Structure

Top tips for structuring your Macbeth essay:

  • Always begin with a clear thesis statement that sets out your argument:

    • Your thesis statement should only be one or two sentences in length

  • Include three or four paragraphs in your essay:

    • Including more paragraphs can result in a rambling essay that doesn’t always answer the question - less is more when writing a focused, coherent essay

  • Each paragraph should begin with a topic sentence:

    • This is one sentence that sets out the argument of the paragraph

    • Topic sentences should always be directly related to your thesis statement and the key words of the essay question

    • All the evidence (quotations or textual references) you include in any paragraph should help you prove your topic sentence

  • Finish your essay with a short conclusion:

    • The conclusion shouldn’t include any new evidence

    • It should sum up how you have proved your thesis statement 

Examiner Tips and Tricks

Some schools and teachers teach students a “scaffold” for writing essay paragraphs. This usually takes the form of an acronym, like PEE (Point, Evidence, Explanation).

However, more and more, OCR examiners are recommending students don’t follow these fixed structures. This is because they restrict your ability to bring in additional pieces of evidence, explore contextual factors, extend your explanation to include different interpretations, or include your own opinions.

To see an example of how to include these elements in your essay, see our model answer for the OCR Macbeth extract question, and a model answer for the Macbeth discursive essay question.

Macbeth essay top exam tips

Top-grade students:

Students who don’t do as well:

Plan their essays before writing them 

Don’t make an essay plan and write rambling, unfocused essays

Include their own line of argument in the form of a thesis statement

Write pre-learned essays that don’t answer the question, but rather answer the question they wished they’d been asked

Always focus their response on the question given

Don’t use topic sentences to focus their answer on the question that has been set

Include contextual analysis only when it is relevant

Include irrelevant context (usually at the end of a paragraph) and don’t relate it to the analysis of Shakespeare’s language, structure or form

Consider different interpretations

Explain or retell the plot of Macbeth, rather than analyse Shakespeare’s choices

Choose only relevant evidence from the extract, or play as a whole

Include irrelevant quotations because they’ve learnt them and feel they should include them

Develop and extend their analysis of language, structure and form to more than just one sentence

Make simple comments, and don’t extend their analysis

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Nick Redgrove

Author: Nick Redgrove

Expertise: English Senior Content Creator

Nick is a graduate of the University of Cambridge and King’s College London. He started his career in journalism and publishing, working as an editor on a political magazine and a number of books, before training as an English teacher. After nearly 10 years working in London schools, where he held leadership positions in English departments and within a Sixth Form, he moved on to become an examiner and education consultant. With more than a decade of experience as a tutor, Nick specialises in English, but has also taught Politics, Classical Civilisation and Religious Studies.

Kate Lee

Author: Kate Lee

Expertise: English and Languages Lead

Kate has over 12 years of teaching experience as a Head of English and as a private tutor. Having also worked at the exam board AQA and in educational publishing, she's been writing educational resources to support learners in their exams throughout her career. She's passionate about helping students achieve their potential by developing their literacy and exam skills.