Paper 2 Question 3: Mark Scheme (AQA GCSE English Language) : Revision Note

Nick Redgrove

Written by: Nick Redgrove

Reviewed by: Kate Lee

Updated on

  • Question 3 is the language analysis question

  • You must only comment on the specified lines of the extract

  • The text will always be a non-fiction text from the 19th, 20th or 21st century

  • To get top marks, you must explore how and why a writer has used certain language features to create specific meanings and effects

The Question 3 mark scheme

If you want to achieve a Grade 9, you should be aiming for a Level 4 response for Question 3. Below is a simplified version of the AQA mark scheme for this question.

Student-friendly mark scheme

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

Level 4

Basic, simple comments about how the language features work, without much detail

Some effort to pick out specific language features and explain their effects

Clear and well-explained answers that look at several language features and/or techniques and how they work in context

Detailed and thoughtful analysis of how the writer has chosen to use language in the text, with a focus on the intended effects of these features


To demonstrate a clear understanding of a writer's use of language, your answer should include: 

  • Accurate subject terminology

  • Evidence (quotes or textual references)

  • Clear explanation of the effects of the language features

To analyse the language of the text effectively, you should be asking three important questions:

WHAT is the effect of the writer’s language choices?

HOW does the writer achieve this? 

WHY do those language features create the effect you have identified?

Examiner Tips and Tricks

The mark schemes for Level 3 and Level 4 make the distinction between “analysis” and “explanation”. To be awarded a Level 4, you must provide an analysis of the writer’s use of language in your response.

While explanation focuses on providing clear descriptions of specific aspects of a text, analysis involves a deeper exploration and interpretation. Analysis seeks to uncover the underlying meaning and artistic choices of the writer: what is their overall intention for this piece of writing?

How to get full marks on Paper 2 Question 3

To get the highest marks for the language question, it’s really important to understand what examiners are looking for.

Examiner tips for a Grade 9

  • Avoid phrases such as “this makes the reader feel”:

    • Instead, focus on the writer’s intended effects

  • Cover 3 or more aspects of the text in your answer:

    • Try to make 3–4 separate points

    • Use more than one piece of evidence for each point if possible

  • Use subject terminology (alliteration, metaphor) accurately:

    • But only use it if it enhances your point

  • Look for patterns across the extract

  • Consider a writer’s overall ambition across the passage:

    • What is their intention as a whole?

Levelling up your Question 3 answer

Understanding the different levels: analysis versus explanation

To get a Grade 9, you will have to reach Level 4 for Question 3, which means your response should show “perceptive, detailed analysis” rather than just “clear relevant explanation”. The image below shows what an examiner would expect to see in a Level 3 versus a Level 4 response:

AQA GCSE English Language Paper 2 Question 3 mark scheme
Question 3 mark scheme

Moving from a Level 3 to a Level 4 response

Below is an example of a paragraph for a Level 3 response, and one for a Level 4. It is based on the June 2019 AQA GCSE English Language Paper 2 past paper. It is useful to read through this extract and the wording of Question 3 before exploring the model responses below.

We’ve included annotations to show why each would be awarded each level.

Level 3 response (7–9 marks)

Level 4 response (10–12 marks)

The writer explains how powerful the sea is by describing how he is “sucked into the belly of the wave”. The verb “sucked” suggests the writer is swallowed up very quickly by the sea, emphasising how easily he is overpowered. The personification used in “the belly of the wave” creates an image of the wave as a powerful giant who eats people up by sucking them into his enormous belly where they disappear and drown.

The phrase “sucked into the belly of the wave” effectively portrays the sea as a greedy monster, the use of personification suggesting the sea has an insatiable appetite. The curling motion of the wave as it engulfs him is reflected in the metaphorical image of the wave’s rounded “belly” as he is consumed by the ravenous sea. In “sucked”, the writer chooses a short, single syllable verb to echo the speed with which he was suddenly plucked out of the boat and into the water by the relentless strength of the ocean.

Learn more and test yourself

For more great tips and tricks, check out our dedicated revision notes on how to answer Paper 2 Question 3 and our fully annotated Paper 2 Question 3 model answer.

You can also test yourself on Paper 2 Question 3 by answering full questions and getting them marked by Smart Mark, our AI model created by English Language experts.

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Nick Redgrove

Author: Nick Redgrove

Expertise: English Senior Content Creator

Nick is a graduate of the University of Cambridge and King’s College London. He started his career in journalism and publishing, working as an editor on a political magazine and a number of books, before training as an English teacher. After nearly 10 years working in London schools, where he held leadership positions in English departments and within a Sixth Form, he moved on to become an examiner and education consultant. With more than a decade of experience as a tutor, Nick specialises in English, but has also taught Politics, Classical Civilisation and Religious Studies.

Kate Lee

Reviewer: Kate Lee

Expertise: English Content Creator

Kate has over 12 years of teaching experience as a Head of English and as a private tutor. Having also worked at the exam board AQA and in educational publishing, she's been writing educational resources to support learners in their exams throughout her career. She's passionate about helping students achieve their potential by developing their literacy and exam skills.