Identify Errors in Algorithms (OCR GCSE Computer Science)
Revision Note
Written by: Robert Hampton
Reviewed by: James Woodhouse
Designing algorithms is a skill that must be developed and when designing algorithms, mistakes will be made
There are two main types of errors that when designing algorithms a programmer must be able to identify & fix, they are:
Syntax errors
Logic errors
Syntax Errors
What is a syntax error?
A syntax error is an error that breaks the grammatical rules of a programming language and stops it from running
Examples of syntax errors are:
Typos and spelling errors
Missing or extra brackets or quotes
Misplaced or missing semicolons
Invalid variable or function names
Incorrect use of operators
Incorrectly nested loops & blocks of code
Examples
Syntax Errors | Corrected |
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Logic Errors
What is a logic error?
A logic error is where incorrect code is used that causes the program to run, but produces an incorrect output or result
Logic errors can be difficult to identify by the person who wrote the program, so one method of finding them is to use 'Trace Tables'
Examples of logic errors are:
Incorrect use of operators (< and >)
Logical operator confusion (AND for OR)
Looping one extra time
Indexing arrays incorrectly (arrays indexing starts from 0)
Using variables before they are assigned
Infinite loops
Example
An algorithm is written to take as input the number of miles travelled. The algorithm works out how much this will cost, with each mile costing £0.30 in petrol. If this is greater than £10.00 then it is reduced by 10%.
Logic errors | Corrected |
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Commentary | |
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Worked Example
Nine players take part in a competition, their scores are stored in an array. The array is named scores and the index represents the player
Array scores
Index | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
Score | 7 | 9 | 2 | 11 | 8 | 4 | 13 | 10 | 5 |
The following program counts the total score of all the players
for x = 1 to 8
total = 0
total = total + scores[x]
next x
print(total)
When tested, the program is found to contain two logic errors.
Describe how the program can be refined to remove these logic errors [2]
How to answer this question
A common logic error if an algorithm contains a loop is checking it loops the correct amount of times, how many times should this algorithm loop?
Answer
For loop changed to include 0
total = 0 moved to before loop starts
Guidance
Moving total outside the loop is not enough, it could be moved after the loop which would still be a logic error)
Corrected code accepted
total = 0
for x = 0 to 8
total = total + scores[x]
next x
print(total)
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