The student added bromine water to each test tube.
Describe what she observes.
Ethane ........................................
Ethene ........................................
[2]
[1]
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The student added bromine water to each test tube.
Describe what she observes.
Ethane ........................................
Ethene ........................................
[2]
[1]
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Crude oil is used as a source of fuels. It is separated into many fractions by fractional distillation.
The diagram shows a fractionating column.
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Fractional distillation separates crude oil into useful fractions.
Look at the table.
It shows the percentage of each fraction made from crude oil. It also shows the percentage of each fraction needed for everyday uses.
Fraction | Percentage made by fractional distillation |
Percentage needed for everyday uses |
Gases | 4 | 11 |
Petrol | 11 | 22 |
Naphtha | 10 | 18 |
Paraffin | 12 | 20 |
Fuel oil | 22 | 10 |
Waxes and tar | 23 | 4 |
a)
Which fraction is made in the greatest percentage?
Tick (✓) one box
[1]
[2]
Percentage increase = ..................................................... % [3]
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Crude oil is separated into useful fractions using fractional distillation.
The table shows the percentages of crude oil fractions from different oil wells.
Fraction | Percentage of fraction in crude oil | ||
Oil well X | Oil well Y | Oil well Z | |
LPG | 2 | 7 | 10 |
Petrol | 3 | 10 | 25 |
Paraffin | 6 | 15 | 20 |
Diesel | 7 | 11 | 15 |
Fuel oil | 26 | 29 | 28 |
Bitumen | 56 | 28 | 2 |
X
Y
Z
[1]
Mass = ..................................................... kg
[2]
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Propane gas is used as a fuel for cooking and heating in caravans.
Incomplete combustion of propane can occur if the campers do not take sensible precautions.
Describe how incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons such as propane happens and the problems it can cause for campers.
Include a balanced symbol equation in your answer.
[6]
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This question is about life-cycle assessment.
They do a life-cycle assessment of each car.
Look at the information about the life-cycle assessment of each car.
The company decides to manufacture and sell the electric car.
Explain why they make this choice.
Use the information from the life-cycle assessment to help you.
[3]
Explain why crude oil vapour can be separated by fractional distillation.
[3]
Molecule | Boiling point (°C) |
A | −2 |
B | 125 |
C | 216 |
D | 502 |
Which molecule, A, B, C or D, is in the LPG fraction?
Explain your decision.
[2]
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A student is using the internet to find out about alcohols. The student finds the following information.
Name | Number of carbon atoms | Boiling point (°C) |
Methanol | 1 | 65 |
Ethanol | 2 | 79 |
Propanol | 3 | 97 |
Pentanol | 5 | 138 |
Hexanol | 6 | 156 |
[3]
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Poly(propenenitrile) is an addition polymer.
Look at the flow chart. It shows how poly(propenenitrile) is made from crude oil.
[2]
Look at the displayed formula for propenenitrile.
How can you tell from the displayed formula that propenenitrile is an unsaturated compound?
[1]
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Describe tests that the student should do to identify each of the three liquids.
Include balanced symbol equations for the reactions described.
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A student did an experiment to prove that methane gas, CH4, produces carbon dioxide and water when it burns.
Look at the diagram of her experiment.
[2]
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