Equilibria (OCR Gateway GCSE Chemistry: Combined Science)

Exam Questions

28 mins16 questions
1a2 marks

The reversible reaction between carbon dioxide and hydrogen makes methane and water.

carbon dioxide + hydrogen ⇌ methane + water

a)

In a sealed container, this reversible reaction forms a dynamic equilibrium.

What is meant by the term dynamic equilibrium?

Refer to both concentration and rate of reaction in your answer.

[2]

1b6 marks

Higher Only

b)
The student investigates the effect of changing pressure and changing temperature on this reaction.

carbon dioxide + hydrogen ⇌ methane + water

The table shows the percentage yield of methane in the equilibrium mixture under different conditions.

Temperature (in oC)   Pressure (in atmospheres)
  100 200 300 400
300 35% 52% 65% 80%
600 30% 46% 58% 74%
900 23% 37% 47% 62%
1200 14% 25% 36% 48%

Describe what happens to the percentage yield as the pressure and temperature change and explain the effect of increasing the pressure on the rate of reaction.
[6]

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26 marks

Higher Only

Ethanol is manufactured by reacting ethene, C2H4, with steam.

The reaction is reversible and occurs in a closed system.

C2H4 (g) + H2O (g) ⇌ C2H5OH (g)  ΔH = – 45 kJ mol–1

Only 5% of the ethene is converted into ethanol at each pass through the reactor.

By removing the ethanol from the equilibrium mixture and recycling the ethene, it is possible to achieve an overall 95% conversion.

q19-paper-4-june-2018-ocr-gcse-chem

Explain why the conditions used for the process are chosen.

[6]

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