Graphite is a form of carbon. Graphite can conduct electricity.
Why can graphite conduct electricity?
Delocalised electrons are between layers.
The ions can move.
Layers have weak intermolecular forces.
Strong covalent bonds are between the carbon atoms.
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Why can graphite conduct electricity?
Graphite has delocalised electrons
Graphite has layers of atoms that can slide over each other
Graphite has a giant structure
Graphite has strong covalent bonds
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Which statement about diamond is correct?
It is a hard substance with a low melting point
Each carbon atom is bonded to three others with strong covalent bonds
It has a giant structure and conducts electricity
It has a high melting point with each carbon bonded to four others
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Fullerenes are molecules made of carbon.
Fullerenes are increasingly used as catalysts due to their large surface area.
Give one other use of fullerenes.
Alloys
Lubricants
Polymers
Fuel Cells
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The diagram shows the structure of a carbon nanotube.
Which of the following is not a property of carbon nanotubes?
High tensile strength
High melting point
Poor conductor of electricity
Strong covalent bonds
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Nanoparticles are used in medicine, and can be used to deliver drugs to the cells where they are needed.
Some people are concerned about using nanoparticles this way.
What is the main reason for this concern?
The potential cost of this technology to the National Health Service
Limited information to patients on which treatments nanoparticles are used for
The unknown effect of nanoparticles on long term health
Money could be spent on other areas of medicine that affect a greater proportion of the population
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Different substances have characteristic melting and boiling points, depending on the strength of the bonds or forces holding them together.
Which explains why methane has a lower melting point than sodium chloride?
Covalent bonds are weaker than ionic bonds
Intermolecular forces are weaker than ionic bonds
Covalent bonds are stronger than ionic bonds
Intermolecular forces are stronger than ionic bonds
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Sodium chloride is often known as 'table salt'.
Which compound represents sodium chloride?
| Conducts electricity when solid | Conducts electricity when molten | State at room temperature and pressure | Can be bent or shaped | |
| A | Yes | Yes | Solid | Yes |
| B | No | No | Solid | No |
| C | No | Yes | Solid | No |
| D | No | No | Solid | Yes |
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1 markLook at the table of fractions from the fractional distillation of crude oil.
| Fraction | Boiling range (°C) |
| LPG | less than 25 |
| petrol | 85 – 105 |
| diesel | 150 – 290 |
| fuel oil | 290 – 380 |
| bitumen | greater than 400 |
A hydrocarbon has a boiling point which is 3.5 times the boiling point of petrol. Which fraction contains the hydrocarbon?
Bitumen
Diesel
Fuel oil
LPG
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Substance Y melts at −7 °C and boils at 59 °C.
What is the state of substance Y at room temperature?
Gas
Liquid
Plasma
Solid
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Ethanol is a liquid at room temperature. It has a low melting point and boiling point.
Why?
Ethanol is an ionic compound.
The forces of attraction between ethanol molecules are strong.
The forces of attraction between ethanol molecules are weak.
There are no forces of attraction between ethanol molecules.
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Ammonia has a simple molecular structure.
Which statement explains why ammonia has a low melting point and a low boiling point?
The covalent bonds between the atoms are strong.
The covalent bonds between the atoms are weak.
The intermolecular forces between the molecules are strong.
The intermolecular forces between the molecules are weak.
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A student tests the conductivity of an ionic compound.
Which row in the table shows the correct results?
| Solid ionic compound | Ionic compound dissolved in water | Molten ionic compound | |
| A | Conducts | Conducts | Does not conduct |
| B | Conducts | Conducts | Conducts |
| C | Does not conduct | Does not conduct | Conducts |
| D | Does not conduct | Conducts | Conducts |
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Carbon can form different allotropes.
Which of these are allotropes of carbon?
Diamond, graphite, graphene.
Diamond, granite, graphite.
Fullerene, graphene, ethene.
Granite, graphite, graphene.
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The atomic radius of a helium atom is 0.031 nm.
What is the atomic radius of a helium atom in standard form?
3.1 × 10-1
3.1 × 10-2
3.1 × 10-3
3.1 × 10-4
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Crude oil can be separated in the laboratory into fractions which have different boiling points.
Look at the table. It shows possible relationships between:
Which letter shows the correct relationship?
| Boiling point | Number of carbon atoms in the molecule | Size of intermolecular forces | |
| A | high | less than 20 | large |
| B | high | more than 50 | small |
| C | low | less than 20 | small |
| D | low | more than 50 | large |
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The melting point of bromine is −7°C.
The boiling point of bromine is 59°C.
What state would bromine be at room temperature?
Aqueous
Gas
Liquid
Solid
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Carbon dioxide exists as a simple molecule.
Why do simple molecules have low boiling points?
Simple molecules have weak covalent bonds between atoms.
Simple molecules have weak intermolecular forces between atoms.
Simple molecules have weak ionic bonds between the molecules.
Simple molecules have weak intermolecular forces between the molecules.
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