GCSEChemistryOCR GatewayExam Questions6. Global Challenges6.1 Improving Processes & Products

Improving Processes & Products (OCR Gateway GCSE Chemistry)

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6.1 Improving Processes & Products

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6.1 Improving Processes & Products

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11 mark

Iron is a metal that rusts.

What conditions are needed for the rusting of iron?

  • Air and an acid

  • Air and salt

  • Air and water

  • Water and salt

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21 mark

Ammonium phosphate is used as a fertiliser.

The formula for ammonium phosphate is (NH4)3PO4.

Which elements in ammonium phosphate are essential elements for plant growth?

  • Hydrogen and oxygen

  • Nitrogen and hydrogen

  • Nitrogen and phosphorus

  • Phosphorus and oxygen

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31 mark

The table shows the main stages in the life-cycle assessment of a manufactured product.

Stage Process
1 Manufacturing the product
2 Obtaining raw materials
3 Disposing of the product
4 Using the product

What is the correct order for the stages?

  • 1, 2, 3, 4

  • 1, 2, 4, 3

  • 2, 1, 4, 3

  • 2, 4, 1, 3

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41 mark

Brass is an alloy.

What are the main metals in brass?

  • Aluminium and copper

  • Copper and iron

  • Copper and tin

  • Copper and zinc

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51 mark

The Haber process is used to make ammonia, NH3.

N2 + 3H2 ⇌ 2NH3

What is the raw material for the nitrogen?

  • Air

  • Hydrochloric acid

  • Natural gas

  • Seawater

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61 mark

Iron objects can be protected from rusting by coating them with a layer of zinc.

What is this process called?

  • Galvanising

  • Insulating

  • Oxidation

  • Reduction

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11 mark

Zinc is extracted from zinc oxide by reduction.

Which element acts a reducing agent during this process?

  • Hydrogen

  • Oxygen

  • Carbon

  • Zinc 

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21 mark

Which of the following metals can not be extracted from its ore by reduction?

  • Iron

  • Zinc

  • Copper

  • Lithium

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31 mark

Which is not true about the Haber process for making ammonia?

  • Platinum is used as a catalyst

  • The process is carried out at a temperature of about 450 oC

  • The process takes place at a pressure of about 200 atmospheres

  • Natural gas is a raw material

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41 mark

What does the graph show about the effect of pressure and temperature on the Haber process?

6-1_q5-ocr-gcse-chemistry-mcq

  • Less ammonia is produced at higher pressures

  • The yield of ammonia decreases with increased temperature

  • The optimum conditions are low pressure and high temperature

  • At 500 atmospheres and 400 oC the yield of ammonia is 45%

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51 mark

What essential plant nutrients do fertilisers supply?

A phosphorus calcium nitrogen
B iron nitrogen magnesium
C nitrogen  potassium  phosphorus
D potassium calcium  nitrogen

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    61 mark

    Coffee cups are usually made from ceramic, glass, paper, plastic or metal.

    Some of these materials are recyclable. In a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) where would this information be given?

    • During the extraction and processing of the raw materials needed to make the cup

    • Disposing of the cup at the end of its useful life

    • When the cup is manufactured and packaged

    • During the use and lifetime of the cup

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    71 mark

    Which material for making coffee cups would be considered recyclable and biodegradable?

    • Polymers

    • Ceramic

    • Glass

    • Paper

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    81 mark

    When comparing the LCA of a plastic bag to a paper bag you can say that

    • A plastic bag has a greater impact on the environment than a paper bag

    • A paper bag has a greater impact on the environment than a plastic bag

    • Both bags are made from finite resources

    • It is difficult to say whether a paper or plastic bag has a greater impact on the environment

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    91 mark

    What is true about single use paper plates?

    • They are heavier to transport than plastic plates

    • They increase global warming

    • They can be incinerated to release energy

    • All the above are true

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    101 mark

    Which of these is not a composite material?

    • Fibre glass 

    • Reinforced concrete 

    • Car window glass

    • Clay bricks

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    111 mark

    Which of the following are three of the essential elements needed by plants?

    • Carbon, nitrogen, oxygen

    • Hydrogen, potassium, phosphorus

    • Nitrogen, oxygen, potassium

    • Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium

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    121 mark

    Look at the information about four different polymers.

    Polymer Cost
    (£ per kg)    		 Tensile strength
    (MPa)    		 Melting point
    (°C)    		 Maximum useable
    temperature (°C)
    A 0.74 15 120 85
    B 1.20 78 254 70
    C 0.92 35 176 160
    D 1.42 42 156 160

    Which polymer would be best for making a plastic cup to hold hot drinks?

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      131 mark

      The table shows some information about four alloys.

        Alloy Main metals Typical Uses
      A brass copper and tin musical instruments
      B bronze copper and zinc bells
      C duralumin aluminium and copper aircraft parts
      D solder iron and tin bridges


      Which row of the table gives correct information about an alloy?

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        141 mark

        Look at the information about four different polymers.

        Polymer Cost
        (£ per kg)        		 Tensile
        strength
        (MPa)        		 Melting point
        (°C)        		 Maximum
        useable
        temperature
        (°C)
        A 0.74 15 120 85
        B 1.20 78 254 70
        C 0.92 35 176 160
        D 1.42 42 156 160


        Which polymer would be best for making a plastic washing up bowl?

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          151 mark

          Higher Only

          Phytoextraction is one way to extract copper from low-grade ores.

          The table shows the main stages involved in phytoextraction.

          Stage Process
          1 Copper ions accumulate in the roots, shoots and leaves of plants.
          2 Copper is extracted from ash with a high concentration of copper compounds.
          3 Plants absorb dissolved copper ions through their roots.
          4 A crop is planted in soil containing low-grade copper ore.
          5 Plants are harvested and burned.

          What is the correct order for the stages?

          • 1, 3, 4, 5, 2

          • 4, 1, 3, 2, 5

          • 4, 3, 1, 5, 2

          • 1, 4, 3, 5, 2

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          161 mark

          Higher Only

          Which one of the following is an advantage of phytoextraction?

          • A high concentration of a metal can be obtained from a low grade ore.

          • Bacteria are used to dissolve metals instead of chemical solutions.

          • Better crops of plants are harvested.   

          • Phytoextraction is a quick process and is not affected by poor weather.

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          11 mark

          Aluminium is extracted by the electrolysis of molten aluminium oxide, Al2O3.

          Which equation shows the reaction at the anode in this electrolysis?

          • 4OH– – 4e– → O2 + 2H2O

          • Al 3+ + 3e– → Al

          • 2H+ + 2e– → H2

          • 2O2– – 4e– → O2

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          21 mark

          Higher Only

          The Contact process produces sulfur trioxide, SO3, in an exothermic reaction.

          2SO2 + O2 ⇌ 2SO3

          The temperature in the reaction vessel is usually 450 °C.

          What happens as the temperature is increased to 600 °C?

          • Higher rate of reaction and increased yield of sulfur trioxide.

          • Higher rate of reaction and decreased yield of sulfur trioxide.

          • Higher rate of reaction and no change in yield of sulfur trioxide.

          • Lower rate of reaction and decreased yield of sulfur trioxide.

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          31 mark

          Ammonia and sulfuric acid can react in the lab to make ammonium sulfate fertiliser.

          What is the formula of the product?

          • NH3SO4

          • NH4SO4

          • (NH4)2SO4

          • (NH3)2SO4

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          41 mark

          Copper can be extracted from copper ore by heating the copper ore with carbon.

          Copper can also be extracted by bioleaching.

          What is an advantage of bioleaching?

          • It can produce sulfuric acid.

          • It extracts copper, which is then purified by electrolysis.

          • It is done at low temperatures.

          • It is slow.

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          51 mark

          Why are alloys stronger than the pure metals which they are made from?

          • Alloys combine the properties of the metals they are made from.

          • Alloys contain atoms of different sizes.

          • Alloys contain different atoms bonded together.

          • Alloys have strong bonds between their molecules.

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