GCSEChemistryOCR GatewayExam Questions6. Global Challenges6.1 Improving Processes & Products

Improving Processes & Products (OCR Gateway GCSE Chemistry)

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6.1 Improving Processes & Products

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6.1 Improving Processes & Products

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11 mark

Iron is a metal that rusts.

What conditions are needed for the rusting of iron?

  • Air and an acid

  • Air and salt

  • Air and water

  • Water and salt

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21 mark

Ammonium phosphate is used as a fertiliser.

The formula for ammonium phosphate is (NH4)3PO4.

Which elements in ammonium phosphate are essential elements for plant growth?

  • Hydrogen and oxygen

  • Nitrogen and hydrogen

  • Nitrogen and phosphorus

  • Phosphorus and oxygen

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31 mark

The table shows the main stages in the life-cycle assessment of a manufactured product.

Stage Process
1 Manufacturing the product
2 Obtaining raw materials
3 Disposing of the product
4 Using the product

What is the correct order for the stages?

  • 1, 2, 3, 4

  • 1, 2, 4, 3

  • 2, 1, 4, 3

  • 2, 4, 1, 3

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11 mark

Zinc is extracted from zinc oxide by reduction.

Which element acts a reducing agent during this process?

  • Hydrogen

  • Oxygen

  • Carbon

  • Zinc 

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21 mark

Which of the following metals can not be extracted from its ore by reduction?

  • Iron

  • Zinc

  • Copper

  • Lithium

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31 mark

Some metals are unreactive and exist on their own in the earth. 

What are these metals known as?

  • Transition Metals

  • Native metals

  • Alkali Metals

  • Alkaline earth metals

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41 mark

Which is not true about the Haber process for making ammonia?

  • Platinum is used as a catalyst

  • The process is carried out at a temperature of about 450 oC

  • The process takes place at a pressure of about 200 atmospheres

  • Natural gas is a raw material

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51 mark

What does the graph show about the effect of pressure and temperature on the Haber process?

6-1_q5-ocr-gcse-chemistry-mcq

  • Less ammonia is produced at higher pressures

  • The yield of ammonia decreases with increased temperature

  • The optimum conditions are low pressure and high temperature

  • At 500 atmospheres and 400 oC the yield of ammonia is 45%

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61 mark

What essential plant nutrients do fertilisers supply?

A phosphorus calcium nitrogen
B iron nitrogen magnesium
C nitrogen  potassium  phosphorus
D potassium calcium  nitrogen

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    71 mark

    Ammonia and sulfuric acid can react in the lab to make ammonium sulfate fertiliser.

    What is the formula of the product?

    • NH3SO4

    • NH4SO4

    • (NH4)2SO4

    • (NH3)2SO4

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    81 mark

    Coffee cups are usually made from ceramic, glass, paper, plastic or metal.

    Some of these materials are recyclable. In a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) where would this information be given?

    • During the extraction and processing of the raw materials needed to make the cup

    • Disposing of the cup at the end of its useful life

    • When the cup is manufactured and packaged

    • During the use and lifetime of the cup

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    91 mark

    Which material for making coffee cups would be considered recyclable and biodegradable?

    • Polymers

    • Ceramic

    • Glass

    • Paper

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    101 mark

    When comparing the LCA of a plastic bag to a paper bag you can say that

    • A plastic bag has a greater impact on the environment than a paper bag

    • A paper bag has a greater impact on the environment than a plastic bag

    • Both bags are made from finite resources

    • It is difficult to say whether a paper or plastic bag has a greater impact on the environment

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    111 mark

    What is true about single use paper plates?

    • They are heavier to transport than plastic plates

    • They increase global warming

    • They can be incinerated to release energy

    • All the above are true

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    121 mark

    Brass is an alloy of which metals?

    A copper tin
    B silver copper
    C copper zinc
    D iron copper

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      131 mark

      Which of these is not a composite material?

      • Fibre glass 

      • Reinforced concrete 

      • Car window glass

      • Clay bricks

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      141 mark

      Brass is an alloy.

      What are the main metals in brass?

      • Aluminium and copper

      • Copper and iron

      • Copper and tin

      • Copper and zinc

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      151 mark

      Which of the following are three of the essential elements needed by plants?

      • Carbon, nitrogen, oxygen

      • Hydrogen, potassium, phosphorus

      • Nitrogen, oxygen, potassium

      • Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium

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      161 mark

      The Haber process is used to make ammonia, NH3.

      N2 + 3H2 ⇌ 2NH3

      What is the raw material for the nitrogen?

      • Air

      • Hydrochloric acid

      • Natural gas

      • Seawater

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      171 mark

      Look at the information about four different polymers.

      Polymer Cost
      (£ per kg)      		 Tensile strength
      (MPa)      		 Melting point
      (°C)      		 Maximum useable
      temperature (°C)
      A 0.74 15 120 85
      B 1.20 78 254 70
      C 0.92 35 176 160
      D 1.42 42 156 160

      Which polymer would be best for making a plastic cup to hold hot drinks?

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        181 mark

        The table shows some information about four alloys.

          Alloy Main metals Typical Uses
        A brass copper and tin musical instruments
        B bronze copper and zinc bells
        C duralumin aluminium and copper aircraft parts
        D solder iron and tin bridges


        Which row of the table gives correct information about an alloy?

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          191 mark

          Look at the information about four different polymers.

          Polymer Cost
          (£ per kg)          		 Tensile
          strength
          (MPa)          		 Melting point
          (°C)          		 Maximum
          useable
          temperature
          (°C)
          A 0.74 15 120 85
          B 1.20 78 254 70
          C 0.92 35 176 160
          D 1.42 42 156 160


          Which polymer would be best for making a plastic washing up bowl?

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            201 mark

            Higher Only

            Phytoextraction is one way to extract copper from low-grade ores.

            The table shows the main stages involved in phytoextraction.

            Stage Process
            1 Copper ions accumulate in the roots, shoots and leaves of plants.
            2 Copper is extracted from ash with a high concentration of copper compounds.
            3 Plants absorb dissolved copper ions through their roots.
            4 A crop is planted in soil containing low-grade copper ore.
            5 Plants are harvested and burned.

            What is the correct order for the stages?

            • 1, 3, 4, 5, 2

            • 4, 1, 3, 2, 5

            • 4, 3, 1, 5, 2

            • 1, 4, 3, 5, 2

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            211 mark

            Higher Only

            Which one of the following is an advantage of phytoextraction?

            • A high concentration of a metal can be obtained from a low grade ore.

            • Bacteria are used to dissolve metals instead of chemical solutions.

            • Better crops of plants are harvested.   

            • Phytoextraction is a quick process and is not affected by poor weather.

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            11 mark

            Aluminium is extracted by the electrolysis of molten aluminium oxide, Al2O3.

            Which equation shows the reaction at the anode in this electrolysis?

            • 4OH– – 4e– → O2 + 2H2O

            • Al 3+ + 3e– → Al

            • 2H+ + 2e– → H2

            • 2O2– – 4e– → O2

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            21 mark

            Higher Only

            The Contact process produces sulfur trioxide, SO3, in an exothermic reaction.

            2SO2 + O2 ⇌ 2SO3

            The temperature in the reaction vessel is usually 450 °C.

            What happens as the temperature is increased to 600 °C?

            • Higher rate of reaction and increased yield of sulfur trioxide.

            • Higher rate of reaction and decreased yield of sulfur trioxide.

            • Higher rate of reaction and no change in yield of sulfur trioxide.

            • Lower rate of reaction and decreased yield of sulfur trioxide.

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