Bonding (OCR Gateway GCSE Chemistry)

This question is about structure and bonding.

Look at the two structures, A and B, in Fig. 22.1.

[2]

[2]

[1]

Look at the structure of a metal in Fig. 22.2. Metals are malleable, which means they can be hammered or pressed into shape without breaking or cracking.

Explain why metals are malleable.

Dmitri Mendeleev produced a Periodic Table of elements which is the basis for our modern Periodic Table. He left gaps for elements that had not been discovered yet as shown in Fig. 23.1.

Describe two ways Mendeleev arranged the elements in his Periodic Table.

Describe how the elements are arranged in the modern Periodic Table.

Mendeleev left gaps in his Periodic Table for undiscovered elements. He predicted properties of these elements.

Table 23.1 shows the predicted properties for one of these elements in one of the gaps.

Mendeleev called this element ‘eka-silicon’.

Table 23.1

Table 23.2 shows some of the elements that were discovered after Mendeleev published his Periodic Table.

Table 23.2

Which element matches Mendeleev’s predictions for ‘eka-silicon’?

Tick () one box.

Scandium
Gallium
Germanium
Technetium

[1]

        

Proton
Neutron
Electron

Table 23.3

[3]

Look at the diagram.

It shows part of Mendeleev’s Periodic Table which was developed in 1871.

Mendeleev arranged the elements in order of relative atomic mass.

Describe the differences between Mendeleev’s Periodic Table and the modern-day version.

Metal elements and non-metal elements have different physical properties.

The table shows the physical properties of some elements.

A   

B    

C   

D   

Explain your answer.

[2]

[1]

Element C burns in oxygen to make white clouds of its oxide.

Describe how you could test the oxide to find out if the element is a metal.

Higher Only 

Chlorine gas, C₂, reacts with barium, Ba.

Barium chloride, BaC₂, is made.

Write a balanced half equation for chlorine in this reaction.