Polymers (Edexcel GCSE Chemistry)

Exam Questions

2 hours21 questions
1a1 mark
This question is about ethene, the structure of which is shown in Figure 1.Ā 

Ā 
Ā 
ethene
Figure 1Ā 

Why is this molecule described as unsaturated?Ā 
Ā  Ā 
(1)
1b3 marks

Ethene can undergo a polymerisation reaction.

Complete the sentences using the words in the box.Ā 

Ā 
high poly(ethene) polymers poly(ethane)
ten monomers a fewĀ  many


During polymerisation, ____________________ ethene molecules join together to form the large molecule, __________________.Ā 

These large molecules are called ___________________

1c2 marks

Complete the repeating unit of the polymer formed by ethene.

aqa-gcse-7-3e-tq1c-repeating-unit-of-polyethene
1d1 mark

What type of polymer does ethene form?

Tick (āœ“) one box.

Condensation Ā 
Addition Ā 
SubstitutionĀ  Ā 

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2a3 marks

This question is about naturally occurring polymers.Ā 

Sugars such as glucose can form naturally occurring polymers.Ā 
Ā 
Name the three elements found in glucose.Ā 

2b3 marks

Draw one line from each naturally occuring polymer to the monomer it is formed from.Ā 

You can use the monomer more than once.

Ā 
monomer-match-up
2c2 marks

Which statements are correct about the structure of DNA?Ā 

Tick (āœ“) twoĀ boxes.

Ā 
Ā It consists of three polymer chainsĀ  Ā 
Ā It has bases, A, C, G, and TĀ  Ā 
Ā It has a double helix structureĀ  Ā 
Ā It's formed from the monomer glucoseĀ  Ā 
2d1 mark

Higher Only

What type of polymerisation are proteins formed by?

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3a1 mark

PVC, poly(chloroethene) is a polymer formed from chloroethene.

What type of polymer is Poly(chloroethene)?

Ā  ā˜ A Condensation
Ā  ā˜ B Substitution
Ā  ā˜ C AdditionĀ 
Ā  ā˜ D Polymerisation
3b1 mark

Give one use of PVC.

3c2 marks

The repeat unit of PVC is shown in Figure 1.

pvc-repeating-unit

Figure 1

It is formed from the monomer, chloroethene.Ā 

Complete the structure of chloroethene.Ā 

3d1 mark

What type of bond is formed between the atoms in poly(chloroethene)?Ā 

Ā  ā˜ A Ionic
Ā  ā˜ B Covalent
Ā  ā˜ C Metallic
Ā  ā˜ D Electrostatic

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4a2 marks

Higher Only

A polyester can be formed from the two monomers shown in Figure 1.Ā 

edx-9-3-hard-condensation-monomers

Figure 1

Circle the functional group on each monomer.

4b1 mark

Higher Only

When these two monomers produce a polyester, another small molecule is formed.Ā 

Which small molecule is formed?

Ā  ā˜ A water
Ā  ā˜ B hydrogen
Ā  ā˜ C carbon dioxideĀ 
Ā  ā˜ D oxygen
4c1 mark

Higher Only

What kind of polymer is the polyester formed?Ā 

Ā  ā˜ A Addition
Ā  ā˜ B Condensation
Ā  ā˜ C Substitution
Ā  ā˜ D Natural

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5a1 mark

PTFE, poly(tetrafluoroethene), is a polymer which is resistant to high temperatures.Ā 

Part of the polymer structure is shown in Figure 1.Ā 

ptfe-polymer

Figure 1

Name the monomer that PTFE is formed from.Ā 

5b2 marks

Here are five statements about PTFE.Ā 

Place ticks in boxes by the two statements that are correct.Ā 

Ā It is saturatedĀ  Ā 
Ā It contains ionic bonds Ā 
Ā It is an addition polymer Ā 
Ā It is used to make plastic bagsĀ  Ā 
Ā It is a hydrocarbon Ā 
5c2 marks

PTFE does not biodegrade easily.Ā 

They can be disposed of to landfill or incinerated.Ā 

Draw one straight line from each method of disposal to a disadvantage of that method.Ā 

screenshot-2024-01-29-143219

5d2 marks

PTFEĀ  can also be recycled.Ā 

Give two advantages of recycling PTFE.

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11 mark

Higher Only

The following molecule can undergo addition polymerisation.

j92YlLlN_1

What is the correct repeat unit?

Ā  ā˜ A

option-a

Ā  ā˜ B option-b

Ā  ā˜ C option-c

Ā  ā˜ D option-d

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2a2 marks

Figure 10 shows information about a glass, a ceramic, a polymer and a metal.

Ā  glass ceramic polymer metal
flexibility low low high high
hardness medium medium low low
reaction with water no reaction no reaction no reaction very slow
reaction
electrical
conductivity
low low low high
melting point high high medium* high

*polymers soften, rather than melt, when heated.

Figure 10

Figure 11 shows part of a household wire that connects a kettle to a plug.

fig-11-q7a-1cho-2f-paper-1-june-2018

Figure 11

i)
Why is this wire made of metal?
(1)
Ā  ā˜ A the metal is hard
Ā  ā˜ B the metal reacts with water
Ā  ā˜ C the metal is an element
Ā  ā˜ D the metal conducts electricity

ii)

Which type of material would be most suitable for the insulation on this household wire?

(1)

Ā  ā˜ A the glass
Ā  ā˜ B the ceramic
Ā  ā˜ C the polymer
Ā  ā˜ D the metal
2b2 marks

Explain, using information from Figure 10, why the ceramic is a suitable material to make a cup that will contain a hot drink of tea or coffee.

2c8 marks
i)
The structure of a molecule of a polymer is shown in Figure 12.

fig-12-q7c-1cho-2f-paper-1-june-2018

Figure 12

Complete the structure of a molecule of the monomer used to make this polymer by adding the missing covalent bonds.

(2)

fig-q7ci-1cho-2f-paper-1-june-2018

ii)
Poly(ethene) has many uses in everyday life.
Large amounts of poly(ethene) are manufactured from ethene produced by cracking fractions obtained from crude oil.

Poly(ethene) is used to make many objects.
After use it is necessary to dispose of the large amounts of poly(ethene) in these objects.

Explain some of the problems associated with the manufacture and disposal of poly(ethene).

(6)

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31 mark

Polyesters can be made by condensation polymerisation. Ethanediol can react with butanedioic acid (a carboxylic acid containing two -COOH groups) to make a polymer.

SNx2OKA0_3
Which of the following is a correct repeat unit for this polymer?

Ā  ā˜ A ALbvIWVF_option-a

Ā  ā˜ B tG~E73g2_option-b

Ā  ā˜ C MJ-8iYOb_option-c

Ā  ā˜ D 8_L5hhzq_option-d

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4a1 mark

Figure 4 shows information about a ceramic and a metal.

Ā  ceramic metal
flexibility low high
hardness medium low
reaction with water no reaction very slow reaction
density medium high

Figure 4

The ceramic, rather than the metal, is a more suitable material for washbasins.

Give a reason for this, using a property from Figure 4.

4b2 marks

Poly(propene) is an example of a polymer.

The structure of a poly(propene) molecule is shown in Figure 5.

fig-4-q5b-1cho-2h-paper-1-june-2018

Figure 5

This polymer is made from a monomer.

Draw the structure of the monomer molecule showing all covalent bonds.

4c2 marks

A layer of poly(chloroethene) (PVC) is used to surround the copper in electrical cables.

Explain why poly(chloroethene) is a suitable material for this purpose.

4d1 mark

Higher Only

Some polymers are polyesters.

What type of reaction takes place when polyesters are formed?

Ā  ā˜ A addition
Ā  ā˜ B condensation
Ā  ā˜ C neutralisation
Ā  ā˜ D precipitation
4e3 marks

Higher Only

The repeating unit in a polyester molecule is shown in Figure 6.

fig-6-q1e-1cho-2h-paper-1-june-2018

Figure 6

i)
This polymer is made from two different monomers.
Draw a molecule of each monomer showing all covalent bonds.
(2)
ii)
Give the name or formula of the small molecule formed when the monomer molecules react to form an ester link.
(1)

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51 mark

Which of the following is not true about DNA?

Ā  ā˜ A DNA is made from four different monomers
Ā  ā˜ B DNA is a polymer
Ā  ā˜ C DNA is made from nucleotides
Ā  ā˜ D The monomers that form DNA are amino acids

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6a3 marks

Polymer molecules can be made by joining together large numbers of small molecules called monomers.

Figure 5 shows the names and structures of some polymers and the monomers used to make them.
Ā 
Complete the table using the information given.
Ā 
Ā 
fig-5-q3a-1cho-2f-paper-1-june-2019
Ā 
Figure 5
6b2 marks

Plastics are polymers.

State two problems caused by the disposal of polymers.

6c1 mark

A molecule of propene has the structure shown in Figure 6.

Ā 
fig-6-q3c-1cho-2f-paper-1-june-2019
Ā 
Figure 6
Ā 

Which of the following shows the structure of part of a poly(propene) molecule?

fig-6-q3c-1cho-2f-paper-1-june-2019-1

6d
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2 marks

Calculate the relative formula mass of the poly(propene) molecule made from joining together 24600 molecules of propene, C3H6.

(relative formula mass: C3H6 = 42.0)
Ā 

Give your answer to three significant figures.

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71 mark

The structure of a polymer is shown below.

repeast-unit
What is the correct monomer?

Ā  ā˜ A k7B3CVJe_option-a

Ā  ā˜ B _5sVUVvc_option-b



ā˜ C oHJOB4hy_option-c



ā˜ D tVsecC2m_option-d

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8a4 marks

Figure 16 shows the structure of a molecule of dichloroethene.

fig-16-q10-1cho-2f-paper-1-nov-2020

Figure 16

i)
Describe how dichloroethene monomers form a polymer.
(2)
ii)
Which of these represents the structure of the polymer formed from the monomer in Figure 16?

(1)

Ā  ā˜ A fig-q10aiia-1cho-2f-paper-1-nov-2020
Ā  ā˜ B fig-q10aiib-1cho-2f-paper-1-nov-2020
Ā  ā˜ C fig-q10aiic-1cho-2f-paper-1-nov-2020
Ā  ā˜ D fig-q10aiid-1cho-2f-paper-1-nov-2020

iii)
Separate samples of dichloroethene and poly(dichloroethene) are shaken with a few drops of bromine water.
What would be seen?
(1)
Ā  ā˜ A both mixtures remain orange
Ā  ā˜ B only the dichloroethene and bromine water goes colourlessĀ 
Ā  ā˜ C only the poly(dichloroethene) and bromine water goes colourlessĀ 
Ā  ā˜ D both mixtures go colourless
8b2 marks

Dichloroethene is produced from ethene and chlorine.

In the overall reaction, ethene reacts with chlorine and forms dichloroethene and hydrogen chloride.

Complete the balanced equation for the overall reaction.

C2H4 + 2Cl2 ā†’ C2H2Cl2 + .................

8c2 marks

Poly(dichloroethene) was used to wrap food to keep it fresh.

Explain one property that a plastic food wrapping must have.

8d
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3 marks

An industrial process uses 500 tonnes of dichloroethene.
In the process only 96.5% of the dichloroethene molecules react.

Calculate the mass of dichloroethene that has not reacted.

Give your answer to two significant figures.

mass = ............................................. tonnes

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91 mark

Which of the following statements about polymers is NOT correct?

Ā  ā˜ A Polymers can be recycled but it is a difficult and expensive process
Ā  ā˜ B Addition polymers are unsaturated as they are made by combining molecules which contain a carbon double bond
Ā  ā˜ C Poly(ethene) is formed by the addition polymerisation of ethene monomers
Ā  ā˜ D Incinerating polymers contributes to climate changeĀ 

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10a3 marks

This question is about polymers.

i)
State a problem with recycling polymers.

(1)

ii)
Describe a problem associated with the disposal of polymers.

(2)

10b
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8 marks

Poly(chloroethene) is a polymer made from chloroethene.
A molecule of chloroethene is shown in Figure 20.

fig-20-q20b-1cho-2f-paper-1-nov-2021

Figure 20

i)
On Figure 20, draw a circle around the functional group in this molecule.

(1)

ii)
Draw a section of a poly(chloroethene) molecule containing three repeating units, showing all bonds.

(3)

iii)
What type of polymer is poly(chloroethene)?

(1)

iv)
Calculate the relative formula mass of a poly(chloroethene) molecule made from 2850 chloroethene molecules, C2H3Cl.
(relative atomic masses: H = 1.00, C = 12.0, Cl = 35.5)
Give your answer to three significant figures.
Show your working.

(3)

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111 mark

Polymers are large molecules made by linking together many smaller molecules called monomers.

Which of the following does NOT show the correct monomer name and corresponding polymer name.

Ā  Ā  Ā  Monomer name Polymer name
Ā  ā˜ A propene poly(propene)
Ā  ā˜ B amino acids protein
Ā  ā˜ C sugars starch
Ā  ā˜ D chloroethene poly(chloroethane)

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1a2 marks

A student carried out an experiment to prove that candle wax, a hydrocarbon, produces carbon dioxide and water vapour when it burns.
The equipment used is shown in Figure 11

fig-11-q9a-1cho-2h-specimen-2018

Figure 11

The gas produced from the burning candle is drawn through the apparatus.
The limewater turned milky showing that carbon dioxide had been formed.

A small amount of a colourless liquid condensed in boiling tube X.
The student claimed that this proved that burning candle wax produced water.
The teacher said the apparatus had been set up incorrectly and therefore this conclusion about water was not valid.

Explain how the student could modify the equipment to prove that water is produced by burning candle wax.

1b6 marks

Higher Only

Polymers are addition or condensation polymers.

Polymers can be formed by using the monomers shown in Figure 12.

fig-12-q9b-1cho-2h-specimen-2018

Figure 12

Explain, using appropriate monomers from Figure 12, how different polymers can be formed.

1c3 marks

An alcohol A, with molecular formula C2H5OH is oxidised to a compound B with molecular formula C2H4O2.

i)

Compound B is not an alcohol and is a member of another homologous series.

State the name of this homologous series.

(1)

ii)

Draw the structure of a molecule of compound A and a molecule of compound B, showing all covalent bonds.

(2)

Compound A

Ā 

Compound B

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2a5 marks

Higher Only

Figure 3 shows the structure of two monomers.

monomer A monomer B
HOlong dash CH2 long dashCH2 long dashOH HOOC long dashCH2 long dashCH2 long dashCOOHĀ 

Figure 3

i)
Monomer B contains a carboxylic acid group.

Describe what you would see when a small amount of solid sodium carbonate is added to a solution of monomer B.
(2)
ii)
When monomer A and monomer B react together they polymerise to form a polymer and one other product.

Name the type of polymerisation that takes place and name the other product.
(2)
type of polymerisation ...............................

name of other product ................................

iii)
A naturally occurring polymer is made by combining monomers called nucleotides.

Give the name of this natural polymer.
(1)
2b2 marks

Some polymerisation reactions produce ammonia as a waste product.

A student is given a sample of pure, dry ammonia gas.

The student suggests the following method to test for ammonia gas.

step 1Ā Ā 
Ā take some dry, blue litmus paper
step 2Ā Ā 
Ā place the dry litmus paper into the dry gas
step 3Ā Ā 
Ā observe any change in colour of the litmus paper

This test for ammonia will not work.

Give two changes that should be made to this test for it to work.

change 1 ...........................................................

change 2 ............................................................

2c3 marks

Alcohols can be dehydrated.

Complete the balanced equation for the dehydration of butanā€1ā€ol by drawing the structures of the two products in the boxes. Name the two products.

fig-q5c-1cho-2h-paper-1-nov-2020

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3a3 marks

Polythene is a polymer used to make plastic bags.

It is formed from the monomer, ethene, shown in Figure 1.Ā 

ethene-displayed

Figure 1

Crude oil can be used as a raw material to produce polythene.Ā 

Describe how polythene is produced from crude oil.

You should include the name of each process in your answer.Ā 

3b3 marks
i)
Draw a repeating unit of polythene, showing all the bonds.Ā 

Use the structure in Figure 1.Ā 

(2)

ii)
Explain why polythene is used to make plastic bags.

(1)

3c3 marks

Higher Only

Polyester is also formed by a polymerisation reaction.Ā 

Figure 2 shows the structures of two monomers.Ā 

UR3DA9gS_edx-9-3-hard-condensation-monomers

Figure 2Ā 

These react to form a polyester. Part of its structure is shown in Figure 3.Ā 

edx-9-3-hard-condensation-polymer-

Figure 3Ā 

i)
Give the formula of the functional group found in each monomer.
(1)
ii)
Complete the rest of the structure of the polyester, showing all bonds.Ā 
(2)

3d4 marks

Higher Only

Polythene and the polyester in part c) are not made from the same method of polymerisationĀ 

Describe the differences between the polymerisation reaction used to make polythene to the reaction used to make polyester.Ā 

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4a3 marks

A molecule of hydrocarbon X, C4H8 is shown in Figure 1.Ā 

but-1-ene-displayed

Figure 1

i)
Give the name of hydrocarbon X shown in Figure 1.Ā 

(1)

ii)
Complete the balanced symbol equation for the reaction of hydrocarbon X, C4H8 with bromine.Ā 

C4H8 Ā +Ā  Ā ............................................... Ā  ā†’ Ā  ...............................................

(2)

4b2 marks

Draw the repeating unit of the addition polymer formed when hydrocarbon X undergoes polymerisation.Ā 

4c2 marks

Figure 2 shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecule of an alcohol.

butanol

Figure 2

i)
Give the name of the carbon-containing product formed when the alcohol in Figure 2 undergoes dehydration.Ā 

(1)

ii)
Give the formula of the functional group of the product formed when the alcohol in Figure 2 undergoes oxidation.Ā 

(1)

4d3 marks

Higher Only

Polyesters can be formed when an alcohol reacts with a carboxylic acid.Ā 

These are known as condensation polymers.Ā 

Figure 3 shows the repeating unit of a polyester formed when a carboxylic acid reacts with an alcohol.Ā 

polyester-repeat-unit

Figure 3

i)
Give the formula of the other product formed.Ā 

ii)
Draw the structure of one molecule of the alcohol used to produce the polyester shown in Figure 3, showing all the covalent bonds.

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5a1 mark

This question is about polyesters.

A polyester is made from the monomers shown inĀ Figure 1.Ā 

butanedioc-acid-and-ethanediol-1
Figure 1
Ā 

Which homologous series does ethanediol belong to?

5b1 mark

Give the formula that represents the functional group of butanedioic acid.

5c2 marks

Higher Only

Part of the structure formed by the polyester is shown in Figure 2.Ā 

Draw the remaining bonds to complete the diagram.
aqa-gcse-7-3h-tq-4c-polyester-structure-to-complete

Figure 2

5d1 mark

Higher Only

A small molecule is also produced during the formation of this polyester.

Name the small molecule.Ā 

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