9.2 Hydrocarbons (Edexcel GCSE Chemistry)
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- Front9.2.1 Alkanes
What does saturated mean?
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What does saturated mean?
Saturated means the compounds only have single carbon-carbon bonds, with no double bonds.
What is the general formula of an alkane?
The general formula of an alkane is CnH2n+2.
True or False?
Alkanes are reactive compounds.
False.
Alkanes are generally unreactive compounds.
What is the name and molecular formula of the alkane containing one carbon atom?
The name and molecular formula of the alkane containing one carbon atom is methane and CH4.
What is the name and molecular formula of the alkane containing two carbon atoms?
The name and molecular formula of the alkane containing two carbon atom is ethane and C2H6.
What is the name and molecular formula of the alkane containing three carbon atoms.
The name and molecular formula of the alkane containing three carbon atom is propane and C3H8.
What is the name and molecular formula of the fourth alkane?
The fourth alkane is butane, with the molecular formula C4H10.
What is the name and molecular formula of the fifth alkane?
The fifth alkane is pentane, with the molecular formula C5H12.
Name the alkane that is predominantly present in natural gas.
The alkane that is predominantly present in natural gas is methane.
What is the name of the following alkane?
The name of the following alkane is butane.
What is the name of the following alkane?
The name of the following alkane is ethane.
What is the general formula for alkenes?
The general formula for alkenes is CnH2n.
What is the characteristic feature in the structure of alkenes?
All alkenes contain a double carbon bond, which is shown as two lines between two carbon atoms (C=C).
What is the functional group in alkenes?
The double carbon bond (C=C) is the functional group in alkenes.
How are alkenes named?
Alkenes are named using the same system as alkanes, with the suffix "-ene" instead of "-ane".
Give the name and structure of the first alkene.
The name and structure of the first alkene is ethene, CH2=CH2.
Define the term alkene.
An alkene is a hydrocarbon compound containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond.
Explain the term double bond.
A double bond is a covalent bond formed by sharing two pairs of electrons between atoms.
Explain the term functional group.
A functional group is the specific group of atoms responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of a compound.
Explain what is meant by a unsaturated compound.
An unsaturated compound contains double or triple bonds, which can undergo addition reactions.
True or False?
Alkenes are less reactive than alkanes due to their double bond.
False.
Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes due to the presence of the carbon-carbon double bond.
What type of reactions do alkenes undergo?
Alkenes undergo addition reactions, where atoms of a simple molecule add across the C=C double bond.
How does the bromine water test work?
Bromine water is orange. When added to an alkane, it remains orange. When added to an alkene, the bromine atoms add across the C=C bond, causing the solution to lose its colour.
Explain what is meant by an addition reaction.
A chemical reaction in which atoms or groups of atoms are added across a multiple bond, such as a carbon-carbon double bond.
True or False?
The bromine water test can distinguish between propane and ethanol.
False.
The bromine water test can only distinguish between alkanes and alkenes due to their different reactivity with bromine, so it can't distinguish between propane and ethanol.
What is the colour change for the following reaction?
The colour change for the following reaction is orange to colourless.
What is the name of this compound?
The name of the compound is propene.
What are the products of complete combustion?
The products of complete combustion are water and carbon dioxide.
What is the molecular formula of octane?
The molecular formula of octane is C8H18.
Write the symbol equation for the complete combustion of butene.
The symbol equation for the complete combustion of butene is:
C4H8 + 6O2 → 4CO2 + 4H2O
What is complete combustion?
Complete combustion is the reaction with oxygen forming water and carbon dioxide.
What is the completed balanced equation for the following reaction?
2C8H18 + ...... O2 → 16CO2 + 18H2O
The completed balanced equation for the following reaction is:
2C8H18 + 25O2 → 16CO2 + 18H2O
What is a major environmental concern related to combustion?
A major environmental concern related to combustion is global warming due to carbon dioxide emissions.
What Bunsen burner flame is used for gentle heating?
The steady blue flame produced when the collar is half-closed is used for gentle heating.
What flame is used for solutions in a boiling tube?
The steady blue flame is used for heating solutions in a boiling tube.
What position of the collar on a Bunsen burner is generally not used?
The closed collar position is generally not used.
What type of flame is produced with a fully open collar on a Bunsen burner?
A noisy, roaring blue flame is produced with a fully open collar.
