5.1 Transition Metals, Alloys & Corrosion (Edexcel GCSE Chemistry)
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Where are transition metals located in the Periodic Table?
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Where are transition metals located in the Periodic Table?
Transition metals are located in the middle of the Periodic Table.
Give two typical properties of transition metals.
Properties of transition metals include:
high density
lustrous
strong and hard
good conductors of electricity
high melting points
form coloured compounds
Give the main use of transition metals.
A main use of transition metals is as catalysts.
Name the catalyst used for the Haber process.
The catalyst used in the Haber process is iron.
True or false?
Transition metals are coloured.
False.
Transition metals form coloured compounds.
What is meant by corrosion?
Corrosion is the destruction of materials by chemical substances in the environment which act on them over a period of time.
Which element does rusting specifically refer to?
Rusting specifically refer to the corrosion of iron.
Write the word equation for the corrosion of iron.
The word equation for the rusting of iron is:
iron + water + oxygen ⟶ hydrated iron(III)oxide
Give two conditions needed for rusting of iron to occur.
Two conditions needed for rusting of iron to occur are water and oxygen.
Give two examples of barrier methods that can prevent rusting.
Examples of barrier methods that can prevent rusting are:
Painting
Greasing
Oiling
Plastic
Which nail will rust?
Nail A will rust because it is exposed to oxygen AND water.
True or false?
Galvanising is the method of coating iron with a layer of lead.
False.
Galvanising is the method of coating iron with a layer of zinc.
What is meant by sacrificial protection?
Sacrificial protection is when a more reactive metal is intentionally allowed to corrode to protect the metal it is covering.
Why is zinc used to protect iron from corrosion?
Zinc is used to protect iron from corrosion because it is more reactive than iron so will react more readily with oxygen.
What is electroplating?
Electroplating is process of coating the surface of one metal with a layer of a different metal.
True or False?
In electroplating, the anode is made from the object to be electroplated.
False.
In electroplating, the cathode is made from the object to be electroplated.
Give one use of electroplating.
Uses of electroplating include:
Improving the appearance of objects (e.g. jewellery)
Coating objects to prevent corrosion / damage (e.g. cutlery)
An iron nail is being electroplated with copper.
Which metal is being used as the anode?
The anode is the copper rod as the anode is the metal you are using the coat the other metal with.
Explain what happens during the electroplating of the spoon.
At the anode, nickel atoms lose electrons to positive ions and move into the solution. They are attracted to the cathode (negative electrode) where they gain electrons to form nickel atoms which coats the spoon.
What is an alloy?
An alloy is a mixture of metals, where the metals are mixed together physically but are not chemically combined.
True or False?
Alloys can be made from metals mixed with non-metals.
True.
Alloys can also be made from metals mixed with non-metals such as carbon.
Describe the structure of an alloy.
Alloys contain atoms of different sizes which distort the regular arrangement of atoms.
What is the cause of increased hardness and strength in alloys?
The increased hardness and strength of an alloy is caused by the different size atoms which distort the regular arrangements of atoms, preventing the layers from sliding over each other easily.
State an advantage of using alloys over pure metals.
Advantages of using alloys over pure metals are:
Greater strength
Greater hardness
Increased resistance to corrosion
Increased resistance to extreme temperatures
True or False?
Alloys are chemically combined mixtures of metals.
False.
Alloys are physical mixtures of metals, where the metals are not chemically combined.
How do properties of alloys differ from pure metals?
Alloys often have greater strength / hardness, or resistance to corrosion / extreme temperatures compared to pure metals.
Give one use of stainless steel.
Uses of stainless steel include:
Cutlery
Sinks
Chemical plants
Explain why mild steel can be used to make car bodies.
Mild steel can be used to make car bodies because it is soft and malleable.
Name the two main elements in steel alloys.
The two main elements in steel alloys are iron and carbon.
Why is iron from a blast furnace not that useful for many applications?
Iron from a blast furnace is not that useful because it is too brittle.
Which metal is used to make food cans because it is:
Non-toxic
Resistant to corrosion
Resistant to acidic food stuff
The metal used to make food cans because it is non-toxic and resistant to corrosion / acidic food stuff is aluminium.
True or False?
Aluminium is used for making aircraft, electrical wires and water pipes.
False.
Aluminium is used for making aircraft and electrical wires (overhead cables).
Copper is used for water pipes.
Why is aluminium a better choice than copper for overhead electrical cables?
Aluminium is a better choice than copper for overhead electrical cables because it is:
Lower density (lighter)
Has a higher strength-to-weight ratio
Which metal is used for electrical wiring because it is a good conductor of electricity and ductile?
Copper is used for electrical wiring because it is a good conductor of electricity and ductile.
Why are aluminium and copper used to make saucepans?
Aluminium and copper are used to make saucepans because they are:
Good conductors of heat
Resistant to corrosion
What property of copper means that it can be shaped into saucepans?
The property of copper that means it can be shaped into saucepans is malleability.
True or false?
Gold alloys are used to make jewellery.
True.
Gold alloys are used to make jewellery.
Why can pure gold not be used to make jewellery?
Pure gold cannot be used to make jewellery because it is too soft and malleable.
True or false?
Brass is an alloy of copper and tin.
False.
Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc.
Give two uses of brass.
Two uses of brass are in plumbing and carpentry.