1.4 Covalent Bonding (Edexcel GCSE Chemistry)
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What is represented by a short straight line between two atoms?
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What is represented by a short straight line between two atoms?
A short straight line between two atoms represents a covalent bond.
True or False?
Simple covalent molecules conduct electricity.
False.
Simple covalent molecules do not conduct electricity as they do not contain free electrons.
What is a covalent bond?
A covalent bond is a type of chemical bond where atoms share pairs of electrons with each other.
What are intermolecular forces?
Intermolecular forces are the weak forces of attraction that exist between individual molecules in a covalent substance.
True or False?
Covalent bonds involve the transfer of electrons.
False.
Covalent bonds involve sharing electrons, not transferring them.
What type of materials form a covalent bond?
The materials that form covalent bonds are non-metals.
Where is the strong electrostatic attraction in a covalent bond?
The strong electrostatic attraction in covalent compounds is between the shared pair of electrons and the nuclei of the atoms involved.
What makes each atom more stable in a covalent bond?
Sharing electrons in the covalent bond allows each atom to achieve an electron configuration similar to a noble gas.
What is formed when a group of two or more atoms covalently bond together?
A compound / molecule is formed when a group of two or more atoms covalently bond together.
Describe the forces of attraction in a covalent bond.
The attraction between a shared pair of electrons and nuclei.
What is the typical size of an atom?
An atom is typically about 0.1 nanometres in size, which is 0.0000000001 m or 10⁻10 m.
What is the smallest molecule?
The smallest molecule is hydrogen, H2.
True or False?
Dot and cross diagrams can represent giant covalent structures.
False.
Dot and cross diagrams are used to represent only small covalent molecules with a fixed number of atoms.
What are simple molecules?
A simple molecule is a small covalent molecule with a fixed number of atoms, such as H2, Cl2, H2O, NH3, and CH4.
What do dots and crosses represent in a dot and cross diagram?
In a dot and cross diagram, dots and crosses represents electrons.
Draw the dot and cross diagram for hydrogen, H2.
The dot and cross diagram for hydrogen, H2, is:
What are diatomic molecules?
Diatomic molecules are molecules composed of two atoms, such as H2, Cl2, O2, and N2.
What are inorganic compounds?
Inorganic compounds are compounds that do not contain carbon AND hydrogen atoms, such as H2O and NH3.
Name three inorganic compounds that you should be able to draw dot-and-cross diagrams for.
Inorganic compounds that you should be able to draw dot-and-cross diagrams for are:
Hydrogen
Hydrogen chloride
Water
Methane
Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Draw the dot and cross diagram for hydrogen chloride, HCl.
The dot and cross diagram for hydrogen chloride, HCl, is:
What is the difference between simple covalent molecules and giant covalent structures?
Simple covalent molecules are small and can be separated into individual molecular units without breaking any chemical bonds.
Giant covalent structures are huge continuous networks of atoms that cannot be separated into individual units without breaking bonds.
True or False?
You can be expected to draw dot-and-cross diagrams for the the diatomic molecules hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, halogens and hydrogen halides.
False.
You can be expected to draw dot-and-cross diagrams for the the diatomic molecules hydrogen, hydrogen chloride, water, methane, oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Draw the dot and cross diagram for water, H2O.
The dot and cross diagram for water, H2O, is:
What is an organic molecule?
An organic molecule is a simple molecule that contains carbon and hydrogen atoms, such as CH4, C2H6, and C2H4.
How many carbon atoms (at this level) can be included in dot-and-cross diagrams?
Up to 2 carbon atoms can be included in dot-and-cross diagrams (at this level).
So, diagrams for methane, ethane, ethene and similar compounds with halogen atoms.
Draw the dot and cross diagram for methane, CH4.
The dot and cross diagram for methane, CH4, is:
True or False?
The dot and cross diagram for oxygen is:
False.
The correct dot and cross diagram for oxygen is:
Draw the dot and cross diagram for carbon dioxide, CO2.
The dot and cross diagram for carbon dioxide, CO2, is:
