An ion is an electrically charged atom or group of atoms formed by the loss or gain of electrons.

True or False? Ions form to obtain a full outer shell of electrons.

True . Ions form to obtain a full outer shell of electrons.

How are anions formed?

Anions are formed when atoms gain electrons.

True or False? Cations are formed by ions losing electrons.

False . Cations are formed by atoms losing electrons.

Do metals lose or gain electrons to other atoms?

Metals lose electrons to other atoms.

Why do non-metals gain electrons?

Non-metals gain electrons to obtain a full outer shell of electrons.

What type of ion do metals usually form?

Metals usually form cations / positive ions.

True or False? To calculate the number of electrons in a 1+ ion, you add one to the atomic (proton) number.

False. To calculate the number of electrons in a 1+ ion, you subtract one from the atomic (proton) number.

Give two reasons why are cations positively charged.

Cations are positively charged because: They have lost electrons They have more protons than electrons

How many electrons does a sulfur atom gain to become a sulfide ion, S 2- ?

A sulfur atom gains 2 electrons to become a sulfide ion, S 2- .

True or False? An ion is neutral and has no overall charge.

False. An atom is neutral and has no overall charge.

True or False? An atom has the same number of protons and neutrons as an ion.

True. An atom has the same number of protons and neutrons as an ion.

How many electrons does a Group 1 element lose to become a 1+ ion?

A Group 1 element loses 1 electron to form a 1+ ion.

True or False? Group 6 elements lose 2 electrons to become 2- ions.

False. Group 6 elements gain 2 electrons to become 2- ions.

Elements in which groups of the Periodic Table form ions by: Gaining 1 electron. Losing 1 electron. Gaining 2 electrons. Losing 2 electrons.

The elements form ions by: Gaining 1 electron = Group 7 Losing 1 electron = Group 1 Gaining 2 electrons = Group 6 Losing 2 electrons = Group 2

What does a dot and cross diagram show?

A dot and cross diagram shows the transfer of electrons between atoms to form ions in an ionic bond.

True or False? Ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons between atoms.

True . Ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons between atoms.

In the formation of sodium chloride, which atom loses an electron?

In the formation of sodium chloride, the sodium atom loses an electron.

In the formation of magnesium oxide, how many electrons does the magnesium atom lose?

In the formation of magnesium oxide, the magnesium atom loses two electrons.

True or False? In dot and cross diagrams, you only need to show the outer electrons.

True . In dot and cross diagrams for exam purposes, you only need to show the outer electrons.

In the formation of an ionic compound, which atoms gain electrons?

In the formation of an ionic compound, non-metal atoms gain electrons.

What is formed when an atom loses electrons?

When an atom loses electrons, it formed a positively charged ion / cation.

True or False? When an atom gains electrons, it becomes a positively charged anion.

False . When an atom gains electrons, it becomes a negatively charged anion.

What happens to a Group 7 atom when it reacts with a Group 1 atom?

When a Group 7 atom reacts with a Group 1 atom, the Group 7 atom: Gains one electron. Becomes negatively charged / becomes a 1- ion.

What type of forces hold ionic compounds together?

Ionic compounds are held together by strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions.

What type of structure do ionic compounds have?

The structure of an ionic compound is a giant ionic lattice .

What are electrostatic forces?

Electrostatic forces are the attractive (or repulsive) forces between charged particles.

In an ionic lattice, what direction do the electrostatic forces act in?

In an ionic lattice, electrostatic forces act in all directions .

Describe the structure of a giant ionic lattice.

A giant ionic lattice is a series of positively charged and negatively charged ions arranged in an alternating pattern.

True or False? The formula for aluminium sulfate is AlSO 4 .

False . The formula for aluminum sulfate is Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 .

What are the ions in calcium chloride, CaCl 2 ?

The ions in calcium chloride are Ca 2+ and Cl - .

Write the formula for the compound formed from Fe 3+ and O 2- .

The formula for the compound formed from Fe 3+ and O 2- is Fe 2 O 3 .

When the name of an ionic compound ends with ATE, what does this tell you?

The ATE ending tells you that the ionic compound contains at least 3 elements and one of those must be oxygen.

True or False? The formula for calcium carbonate is CaCO 3 .

True . The formula for calcium carbonate is CaCO 3 .

How do you balance charges for ionic compounds?

To balance charges for ionic compounds, multiply the ions by numbers such that the sum of charges cancel out to form an overall charge of 0.

What is the name of Na 2 CO 3 ?

The name of Na 2 CO 3 is sodium carbonate.

Which elements are in copper sulfate?

The elements in copper sulfate are: Copper Sulfur Oxygen - which gives the ATE ending

True or False? Ionic compound formulae are calculated by balancing the charges of the ions.

True . Ionic compound formulae are calculated by balancing the charges of the ions.

Give the formulas of the compounds formed from the following pairs of ions. Ag + and NO 3 - H + and CO 3 2- Zn 2+ and N 3-

The formulas of the compounds formed from the following pairs of ions are: Ag + and NO 3 - = AgNO 3 H + and CO 3 2- = H 2 CO 3 Zn 2+ and N 3- = Zn 3 N 2

What does the formula of an ionic compound show?

The formula of an ionic compound shows the ratio of the ions present in the compound, balanced by their charges.

What is the formula of the sulfate ion?

The formula of the sulfate ion is SO 4 2- .

What is the charge of the oxide ion?

The charge of the oxide ion is 2-.

What is the formula of the carbonate ion?

The formula of the carbonate ion is CO 3 2- .

Nitric acid is made from the hydrogen and nitrate ions. What are the formulas of the hydrogen and nitrate ions?

The formulas of the hydrogen and nitrate ions are: Hydrogen = H + Nitrate = NO 3 -

True or False? The formula of the hydroxide ions is OH + .

False. The formula of the hydroxide ions is OH - .

Name the ionic compound formed by magnesium and nitrogen.

The ionic compound formed by magnesium and nitrogen is magnesium nitride .

True or False? When the name of an ionic compound ends in IDE, it contains oxygen as one of its 3 elements.

False. When the name of an ionic compound ends in ATE , it contains oxygen as one of its 3 elements.

Which ions are present in magnesium nitrate, Mg(NO 3 ) 2 ?

The ions present in magnesium nitrate, Mg(NO 3 ) 2 are: Mg 2+ NO 3 -

True or False? The formula KClO₃ represents potassium chloride.

False. The formula KClO₃ represents potassium chlorate .

GCSEChemistryEdexcelFlashcards

1.3 Ionic Bonding (Edexcel GCSE Chemistry)

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Front1.3.1 Ions
What is an ion?

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What is an ion?
An ion is an electrically charged atom or group of atoms formed by the loss or gain of electrons.
True or False?
Ions form to obtain a full outer shell of electrons.
True.
Ions form to obtain a full outer shell of electrons.
Are anions positive or negative ions?
Anions are negative ions.
How are anions formed?
Anions are formed when atoms gain electrons.
True or False?
Cations are formed by ions losing electrons.
False.
Cations are formed by atoms losing electrons.
Do metals lose or gain electrons to other atoms?
Metals lose electrons to other atoms.
Why do non-metals gain electrons?
Non-metals gain electrons to obtain a full outer shell of electrons.
What type of ion do metals usually form?
Metals usually form cations / positive ions.
True or False?
To calculate the number of electrons in a 1+ ion, you add one to the atomic (proton) number.
False.
To calculate the number of electrons in a 1+ ion, you subtract one from the atomic (proton) number.
Give two reasons why are cations positively charged.
Cations are positively charged because:
- They have lost electrons
- They have more protons than electrons
How many electrons does a sulfur atom gain to become a sulfide ion, S^2-?
A sulfur atom gains 2 electrons to become a sulfide ion, S^2-.
True or False?
An ion is neutral and has no overall charge.
False.
An atom is neutral and has no overall charge.
How many protons, neutrons and electrons does the 2+ ion of magnesium contain?
${}_{12}^{24}{Mg}^{2 +}$
The 2+ ion of magnesium contains:
- 12 protons
- (24 - 12) = 12 neutrons
- 10 electrons
True or False?
An atom has the same number of protons and neutrons as an ion.
True.
An atom has the same number of protons and neutrons as an ion.
How many electrons does an atom of aluminium gain or lose to become ${Al}^{3 +}$ ?
An atom of aluminium loses 3 electrons to become ${Al}^{3 +}$ .
How many protons, neutrons and electrons does a fluoride ion contain?
${}_{9}^{19}F^{-}$
The fluoride ion contains:
- 9 protons
- (19 - 9) = 10 neutrons
- 10 electrons
How many electrons does a Group 1 element lose to become a 1+ ion?
A Group 1 element loses 1 electron to form a 1+ ion.
True or False?
Group 6 elements lose 2 electrons to become 2- ions.
False.
Group 6 elements gain 2 electrons to become 2- ions.
Elements in which groups of the Periodic Table form ions by:
1. Gaining 1 electron.
2. Losing 1 electron.
3. Gaining 2 electrons.
4. Losing 2 electrons.
The elements form ions by:
1. Gaining 1 electron = Group 7
2. Losing 1 electron = Group 1
3. Gaining 2 electrons = Group 6
4. Losing 2 electrons = Group 2
What does a dot and cross diagram show?
A dot and cross diagram shows the transfer of electrons between atoms to form ions in an ionic bond.
True or False?
Ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons between atoms.
True.
Ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons between atoms.
In the formation of sodium chloride, which atom loses an electron?
In the formation of sodium chloride, the sodium atom loses an electron.
In the formation of magnesium oxide, how many electrons does the magnesium atom lose?
In the formation of magnesium oxide, the magnesium atom loses two electrons.
True or False?
In dot and cross diagrams, you only need to show the outer electrons.
True.
In dot and cross diagrams for exam purposes, you only need to show the outer electrons.
In the formation of an ionic compound, which atoms gain electrons?
In the formation of an ionic compound, non-metal atoms gain electrons.
What is formed when an atom loses electrons?
When an atom loses electrons, it formed a positively charged ion / cation.
True or False?
When an atom gains electrons, it becomes a positively charged anion.
False.
When an atom gains electrons, it becomes a negatively charged anion.
What happens to a Group 7 atom when it reacts with a Group 1 atom?
When a Group 7 atom reacts with a Group 1 atom, the Group 7 atom: Gains one electron. Becomes negatively charged / becomes a 1- ion.
What type of forces hold ionic compounds together?
Ionic compounds are held together by strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions.
What type of structure do ionic compounds have?
The structure of an ionic compound is a giant ionic lattice.
What are electrostatic forces?
Electrostatic forces are the attractive (or repulsive) forces between charged particles.
In an ionic lattice, what direction do the electrostatic forces act in?
In an ionic lattice, electrostatic forces act in all directions.
Describe the structure of a giant ionic lattice.
A giant ionic lattice is a series of positively charged and negatively charged ions arranged in an alternating pattern.
True or False?
The formula for aluminium sulfate is AlSO₄.
False.
The formula for aluminum sulfate is Al₂(SO₄)₃.
What are the ions in calcium chloride, CaCl₂?
The ions in calcium chloride are Ca²⁺ and Cl^-.
Write the formula for the compound formed from Fe³⁺ and O^2-.
The formula for the compound formed from Fe³⁺ and O^2- is Fe₂O₃.
When the name of an ionic compound ends with ATE, what does this tell you?
The ATE ending tells you that the ionic compound contains at least 3 elements and one of those must be oxygen.
True or False?
The formula for calcium carbonate is CaCO₃.
True.
The formula for calcium carbonate is CaCO₃.
How do you balance charges for ionic compounds?
To balance charges for ionic compounds, multiply the ions by numbers such that the sum of charges cancel out to form an overall charge of 0.
What is the name of Na₂CO₃?
The name of Na₂CO₃ is sodium carbonate.
Which elements are in copper sulfate?
The elements in copper sulfate are:
- Copper
- Sulfur
- Oxygen - which gives the ATE ending
True or False?
Ionic compound formulae are calculated by balancing the charges of the ions.
True.
Ionic compound formulae are calculated by balancing the charges of the ions.
Give the formulas of the compounds formed from the following pairs of ions.
- Ag⁺ and NO₃^-
- H⁺ and CO₃^2-
- Zn²⁺ and N^3-
The formulas of the compounds formed from the following pairs of ions are:
- Ag⁺ and NO₃^- = AgNO₃
- H⁺ and CO₃^2- = H₂CO₃
- Zn²⁺ and N^3- = Zn₃N₂
What does the formula of an ionic compound show?
The formula of an ionic compound shows the ratio of the ions present in the compound, balanced by their charges.
What is the formula of the sulfate ion?
The formula of the sulfate ion is SO₄^2-.
What is the charge of the oxide ion?
The charge of the oxide ion is 2-.
What is the formula of the carbonate ion?
The formula of the carbonate ion is CO₃^2-.
Nitric acid is made from the hydrogen and nitrate ions.
What are the formulas of the hydrogen and nitrate ions?
The formulas of the hydrogen and nitrate ions are:
- Hydrogen = H⁺
- Nitrate = NO₃^-
True or False?
The formula of the hydroxide ions is OH⁺.
False.
The formula of the hydroxide ions is OH^-.
Name the ionic compound formed by magnesium and nitrogen.
The ionic compound formed by magnesium and nitrogen is magnesium nitride.
True or False?
When the name of an ionic compound ends in IDE, it contains oxygen as one of its 3 elements.
False.
When the name of an ionic compound ends in ATE, it contains oxygen as one of its 3 elements.
Which ions are present in magnesium nitrate, Mg(NO₃)₂?
The ions present in magnesium nitrate, Mg(NO₃)₂ are:
- Mg²⁺
- NO₃^-
True or False?
The formula KClO₃ represents potassium chloride.
False.
The formula KClO₃ represents potassium chlorate.

1. Atomic Structure

2. States of Matter & Mixtures

3. Chemical changes

4. Extracting metals & equilibria

5. Separate Chemistry 1

6. Groups in the periodic table

7. Rates of reaction & energy changes

8. Fuels & Earth science

9. Separate Chemistry 2