What are the key ideas of Dalton's atomic theory?

The key ideas of Dalton's atomic theory are: Atoms cannot be created, destroyed, or divided. Atoms of the same element are identical. Atoms combine to form new substances.

An atom is a tiny particle that makes up matter.

True or False? Different atoms combine together to form new substances.

True. Different atoms combine together to form new substances.

When can a scientific model can be changed or replaced?

A scientific model can be changed or replaced when new experimental evidence improves our understanding.

What is the mass and charge of a proton ?

A proton has a relative mass of 1 and a charge of +1.

True or False? All atoms of the same element have the same number of protons.

True . All atoms of the same element have the same number of protons.

What is the mass and charge of an electron ?

An electron has a negligible mass and a charge of -1.

Which subatomic particles are in the nucleus of an atom?

The subatomic particles in the nucleus of an atom are protons and neutrons.

How do you calculate the number of neutrons in an atom?

To calculate the number of neutrons in an atom: Number of neutrons = mass number - atomic number OR Number of neutrons = mass number - number of protons

True or False? Atoms are made of subatomic particles.

True . Atoms are made of subatomic particles including protons, neutrons, and electrons.

Which subatomic particle has a mass of 1 and a charge of 0?

The subatomic particle with a mass of 1 and a charge of 0 is the neutron.

How do you determine the number of electrons in an atom?

The number of electrons in an atom is the same as the number of protons / the atomic number.

Why are reason atoms are electrically neutral ?

Atoms are electrically neutral because they have the same number of electrons as protons.

True or False? Electrons have a larger mass than protons.

False . Electrons have a much smaller mass than protons.

Which sub-atomic particle is not found inside the nucleus?

The sub-atomic particle that is not found inside the nucleus is the electron .

What is the nucleus ?

The nucleus is the central part of the atom.

Define atomic number .

The atomic number is the number of protons (in the nucleus of an atom).

The mass number is the total number of protons and neutrons (in the nucleus of an atom).

Where is most of the mass of an atom?

Most of the mass of an atom is in the nucleus .

True or False? The nucleus of an atom is roughly half the size of an atom.

False. The nucleus of an atom is very small compared to the overall size of the atom.

Which number do atoms of the same element have in common?

Atoms of the same element have the same: Proton number / number of protons. Number of electrons.

True or False? The mass number is unique to an element.

False. The atomic number is unique to an element.

An isotope is an atom of the same element containing the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

How can you find out the number of neutrons in a atom?

Number of neutrons = mass number - atomic number.

How can you recognise isotopes from their chemical symbol?

Isotopes have the same symbol and same atomic numbers but different mass numbers.

True or False? Isotopes display different chemical characteristics.

False. Isotopes display the same chemical characteristics.

What determines the chemical characteristics of an atom?

The chemical characteristics of an atom are determined by the number of electrons in the outer shell.

How can you find out the number of protons in a neutral atom?

The number of protons is the atomic (proton) number.

What is the difference between isotopes of the same element?

The difference between isotopes of the same element is the number of neutrons.

How can you find the number of electrons in a neutral atom?

In a neutral atom, the number of electrons is equal to the number of protons, which is the atomic number.

True or False? Mass number and relative atomic mass are the same.

False. Mass number and relative atomic mass are not the same. Relative atomic mass is an average of all isotopes.

State two pieces of information required to calculate the relative atomic mass of an element.

Two pieces of information required to calculate the relative atomic mass of an element are: The mass numbers of each isotope. The (relative / percentage) abundances of each isotope.

True or False? The r elative atomic mass of an element can be calculated using the atomic numbers and relative abundances of all its isotopes.

False . The relative atomic mass of an element is calculated using the mass numbers and relative abundances of all its isotopes.

In terms of isotopes , what is abundance?

In terms of isotopes, abundance is the amount of each isotope present in a sample of an element.

True or False? Relative atomic mass is calculated by adding the mass numbers of all isotopes.

False . Relative atomic mass is calculated by: Multiplying the abundance of each isotope by its mass Adding these numbers together Then, dividing this value by the total abundance.

After calculating the A r , how would you identify an element?

After calculating the A r , you would identify an element by looking for the value on the Periodic Table. For example, A r = 23. On the Periodic Table, the element with an A r of 23 is sodium.

GCSEChemistryEdexcelFlashcards1. Atomic Structure1.1 Atomic Structure

1.1 Atomic Structure (Edexcel GCSE Chemistry)

Flashcards

1/43

0Still learning

Know0

Front1.1.1 Changing Models of the Atom
What are the key ideas of Dalton's atomic theory?
Back1.1.1 Changing Models of the Atom
The key ideas of Dalton's atomic theory are:
Atoms cannot be created, destroyed, or divided.
Atoms of the same element are identical.
Atoms combine to form new substances.

Enjoying Flashcards?
Tell us what you think

Cards in this collection (43)

What are the key ideas of Dalton's atomic theory?
The key ideas of Dalton's atomic theory are:
1. Atoms cannot be created, destroyed, or divided.
2. Atoms of the same element are identical.
3. Atoms combine to form new substances.
What is an atom?
An atom is a tiny particle that makes up matter.
True or False?
Different atoms combine together to form new substances.
True.
Different atoms combine together to form new substances.
When can a scientific model can be changed or replaced?
A scientific model can be changed or replaced when new experimental evidence improves our understanding.
What is the mass and charge of a proton?
A proton has a relative mass of 1 and a charge of +1.
True or False?
All atoms of the same element have the same number of protons.
True.
All atoms of the same element have the same number of protons.
What is the mass and charge of an electron?
An electron has a negligible mass and a charge of -1.
Which subatomic particles are in the nucleus of an atom?
The subatomic particles in the nucleus of an atom are protons and neutrons.
How do you calculate the number of neutrons in an atom?
To calculate the number of neutrons in an atom:
- Number of neutrons = mass number - atomic number
  OR
- Number of neutrons = mass number - number of protons
True or False?
Atoms are made of subatomic particles.
True.
Atoms are made of subatomic particles including protons, neutrons, and electrons.
Which subatomic particle has a mass of 1 and a charge of 0?
The subatomic particle with a mass of 1 and a charge of 0 is the neutron.
How do you determine the number of electrons in an atom?
The number of electrons in an atom is the same as the number of protons / the atomic number.
Why are reason atoms are electrically neutral?
Atoms are electrically neutral because they have the same number of electrons as protons.
True or False?
Electrons have a larger mass than protons.
False.
Electrons have a much smaller mass than protons.
Which sub-atomic particle is not found inside the nucleus?
The sub-atomic particle that is not found inside the nucleus is the electron.
What is the nucleus?
The nucleus is the central part of the atom.
Define atomic number.
The atomic number is the number of protons (in the nucleus of an atom).
Define mass number.
The mass number is the total number of protons and neutrons (in the nucleus of an atom).
Where is most of the mass of an atom?
Most of the mass of an atom is in the nucleus.
True or False?
The nucleus of an atom is roughly half the size of an atom.
False.
The nucleus of an atom is very small compared to the overall size of the atom.
Which number do atoms of the same element have in common?
Atoms of the same element have the same:
- Proton number / number of protons.
- Number of electrons.
True or False?
The mass number is unique to an element.
False.
The atomic number is unique to an element.
Why do chlorine and copper not have whole numbers for their atomic mass?
${}_{17}^{35.5}{Cl}$ ${}_{29}^{63.5}{Cu}$
Elements like chlorine and copper do not have whole numbers for their atomic mass because of isotopes.
What is an isotope?
An isotope is an atom of the same element containing the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
Calculate the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in ${}_{1}^{3}H$ .
The number of protons, neutrons and electrons in ${}_{1}^{3}H$ are:
- Protons = 1
- Neutrons = 2
- Electrons = 1
How can you find out the number of neutrons in a atom?
Number of neutrons = mass number - atomic number.
How can you recognise isotopes from their chemical symbol?
Isotopes have the same symbol and same atomic numbers but different mass numbers.
Which of the following are isotopes?
- ${}_{6}^{13}C$
- ${}_{6}^{14}C$
- ${}_{7}^{14}N$
The isotopes are ${}_{6}^{13}C$ and ${}_{6}^{14}C$ .
${}_{7}^{14}N$ is not an isotope because it is a different element (nitrogen not carbon).
True or False?
Isotopes display different chemical characteristics.
False.
Isotopes display the same chemical characteristics.
What determines the chemical characteristics of an atom?
The chemical characteristics of an atom are determined by the number of electrons in the outer shell.
How can you find out the number of protons in a neutral atom?
The number of protons is the atomic (proton) number.
What is the difference between isotopes of the same element?
The difference between isotopes of the same element is the number of neutrons.
How can you find the number of electrons in a neutral atom?
In a neutral atom, the number of electrons is equal to the number of protons, which is the atomic number.
Calculate the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in ${}_{6}^{13}C$ .
The number of protons, neutrons and electrons in ${}_{6}^{13}C$ are:
- Protons = 6
- Neutrons = 7
- Electrons = 6
True or False?
Mass number and relative atomic mass are the same.
False.
Mass number and relative atomic mass are not the same.
Relative atomic mass is an average of all isotopes.
State two pieces of information required to calculate the relative atomic mass of an element.
Two pieces of information required to calculate the relative atomic mass of an element are:
- The mass numbers of each isotope.
- The (relative / percentage) abundances of each isotope.
State the equation for A_r in terms of the percentage abundance and mass of isotopes A and B.
The equation for calculating relative atomic mass in terms of the percentage abundance and mass of isotopes A and B is:
$\frac{(% of isotope A x mass of isotope A) + (% of isotope B x mass of isotope B)}{100}$
True or False?
The relative atomic mass of an element can be calculated using the atomic numbers and relative abundances of all its isotopes.
False.
The relative atomic mass of an element is calculated using the mass numbers and relative abundances of all its isotopes.
Calculate the relative atomic mass of an element using this information about its isotopes:
- Isotope 1: Mass = 71, abundance = 39%
- Isotope 2: Mass = 69, abundance = 61%
The relative atomic mass of the element is:
$\frac{(71 \times 39) + (69 \times 61)}{100}$ = 69.8 or 70
In terms of isotopes, what is abundance?
In terms of isotopes, abundance is the amount of each isotope present in a sample of an element.
True or False?
Relative atomic mass is calculated by adding the mass numbers of all isotopes.
False.
Relative atomic mass is calculated by:
- Multiplying the abundance of each isotope by its mass
- Adding these numbers together
- Then, dividing this value by the total abundance.
After calculating the A_r, how would you identify an element?
After calculating the A_r, you would identify an element by looking for the value on the Periodic Table.
For example, A_r = 23. On the Periodic Table, the element with an A_r of 23 is sodium.
Calculate the relative atomic mass of an element using this information about its isotopes:
- Isotope 1: Mass = 35, abundance = 75%
- Isotope 2: Mass = 37, abundance = 25%
The relative atomic mass of the element is:
$\frac{(35 \times 75) + (37 \times 25)}{100}$ = 35.5

Next:1.2 The Periodic Table

1. Atomic Structure

2. States of Matter & Mixtures

3. Chemical changes

4. Extracting metals & equilibria

5. Separate Chemistry 1

6. Groups in the periodic table

7. Rates of reaction & energy changes

8. Fuels & Earth science

9. Separate Chemistry 2