Reactions of Alkenes & Alcohols (AQA GCSE Chemistry)

The equation shows the cracking of a long chain hydrocarbons.

         C₂₉H₆₀   →   C₁₁H₂₄   +   C₁₁H₂₂   +   C₄H₈   +   C₃H₆

One of the products formed is a different type of hydrocarbon to the other products. 

Give the formula for this product and explain why the chemical formula of this compound is different to the others. 

You should include the name of the family of compounds.

Ethanol is produced from the reaction of ethene and steam in the presence of a hot catalyst. 

Add the missing bonds to complete the displayed structures in Figure 1.

Figure 1

Ethanol can also be produced by the fermentation of sugars from plants. 

Draw a ring around the temperature that is most suitable for this process.

Ethanol produced by fermentation is often added to petrol to create a biofuel. 

Explain why increasing the use of biofuels may cause food shortages.

Burning biofuels contributes less to climate change than burning fossil fuels. 

Explain why.

Which of the following molecules is an alkene?

What gas is formed when sodium is added to propanol?

This question is about the reactions of alkenes and carboxylic acids.

Halogens react with alkenes.

Name this type of reaction.

Name two other substances which also react with alkenes in this way.

Butanoic acid is a carboxylic acid with the formula CH₃CH₂CH₂CO₂H. 

Write down the functional group of the carboxylic acids.

Butanoic acid reacts with magnesium carbonate to form magnesium butanoate and two other products.

Complete and balance the equation for the reaction.

C₄H₈O₂       +         MgCO₃     →      C₄H₆OOMg     +         ______      +       ______

Which is not true about carboxylic acids?

Which is of these is true about the manufacture of ethanol?

This question is about organic compounds.

Ethanol is an alcohol and is used in the production of alcoholic drinks.

Give two other uses of ethanol.

Which gas is produced when sodium reacts with ethanol?

Ethanoic acid is a carboxylic acid which can be produced from ethanol,  CH₃CH₂OH.

State what type of reaction occurs in this process and complete the diagram to show the displayed formula for ethanoic acid in Figure 1.

Figure 1

Solutions of hydrochloric acid and ethanoic acid have different pH values even though their concentration is the same.

Explain why the solution of hydrochloric acid has a lower pH than the solution of ethanoic acid. 

Ethanoic acid and ethanol react in the presence of a catalyst to form an ester.

Give the name of the ester made from ethanol and ethanoic acid and identify the catalyst used in the process.

Cars can be powered by ethanol or ethanol–petrol mixture

To obtain ethanol, sugar cane can be fermented to give a mixture of water (boiling point 100 °C) and ethanol (boiling point 78 °C).

What process is used to separate ethanol from water and what physical property allows for it to work?

Ethanol burns and gives out heat energy during complete combustion. 

Complete the formula of the products and balance the equation

___C₂H₅OH        +           ___O₂      →      ______       +        _______

During the production of ethanol, the vapour of an alkane is passed over a hot catalyst as shown in Figure 3. 

Figure 3

Name this process and explain why it is carried out. 

Ethene can be used to produce ethanol.

Draw the displayed formula for ethene and name the compound that is added to ethene to produce ethanol.

As explained in parts (a) and (c), ethanol can be made using either an alkane or sugar as the starting material.

Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of using both of these two starting materials for the production of ethanol.

This question is about the reactions of organic compounds A - E shown in Figure 1. 

Figure 1 

.Name compound C. 

Name one product formed when E reacts with sodium.

Which compound reacts with compound A to produce compound C? 

Give the catalyst needed for the reaction that produces compound D from compound B.

Which compound dissolves in water to produce a neutral solution?

This question is about carboxylic acids.

The table below shows information about three carboxylic acids.

Complete the table. 

Solutions of ethanoic acid and hydrochloric acid have different pH levels at the same concentration.

Explain the difference in pH levels between the two acids 

A student adds sodium to a solution of ethanoic acid in an open flask on a balance.

Explain what happens to the mass of the flask and its contents during the reaction.

In a separate reaction, a student adds ethanoic acid to zinc carbonate.

Describe and give the result of a test the student would do to identify the gas produced.

Which two substances react together to form potassium propanoate?

This question is about the reactions of organic compounds.

A flow chart of different reactions involving organic compounds is shown in Figure 1. 

Figure 1

Name the type of reaction which occurs at:

   A: _________________________

   B: _________________________

   C: _________________________

   D: _________________________

   E: _________________________

   F: _________________________

What type of chemical is used as a catalyst in reaction D? 

Which is the correct structure of ethyl ethanoate?

Tick (✓) one box. 

Why can ethyl ethanoate be described as volatile?

This question is about alkenes.

Draw the displayed formulae of butene.

The structures of an alkane and an alkene are shown below.

Compare the structures and reactions of propene with propane.

Write a balanced symbol equation for the incomplete combustion of ethene to form carbon monoxide and water.

Which of the following shows the product of the reaction between propene and iodine?

This question is about alcohols.

Alcohols have the general formula C_nH_2n+1OH.

Draw the displayed formula of propanol. 

Alcohols undergo combustion reactions.

Write a balanced symbol equation for the complete combustion of butanol. 

Figure 1 shows two methods of ethanol production. 

Figure 1

Explain how ethanol is made from sugar solution.

Give the name of the process. 

Describe the conditions needed to convert ethene to ethanol.