Define oxidation, in terms of oxygen.
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Define oxidation, in terms of oxygen.
Oxidation is a reaction in which oxygen is added to an element or a compound.
Define reduction, in terms of oxygen.
Reduction is a reaction in which oxygen is removed from an element or a compound.
True or False?
In the reaction 2Cu + O2 → 2CuO, copper has been oxidised.
True.
In the reaction 2Cu + O2 → 2CuO, copper has been oxidised.
True or False?
In the reaction of iron with oxygen to form iron(III) oxide, iron has been reduced.
False.
In the reaction of iron with oxygen to form iron(III) oxide, iron has been oxidised.
What is the product when zinc reacts with oxygen?
The product when zinc reacts with oxygen is zinc oxide, ZnO.
Write the word equation for the oxidation of magnesium.
The word equation for the oxidation of magnesium is:
magnesium + oxygen → magnesium oxide
What is the general equation for a metal reacting with an acid?
The general equation for a metal reacting with an acid is:
metal + acid → salt + hydrogen
True or False?
Only metals above hydrogen in the reactivity series will react with dilute acids.
True.
Only metals above hydrogen in the reactivity series will react with dilute acids.
Give the balanced symbol equation for the reaction of calcium with water.
The equation for the reaction of calcium with water is:
Ca (s) + 2H2O (l) → Ca(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)
True or False?
Copper is more reactive than hydrogen.
False.
Copper is less reactive than hydrogen.
True or False?
Magnesium reacts rapidly with cold water.
False.
Magnesium reacts very slowly with cold water.
True or False?
Sodium is more reactive than potassium.
False.
Potassium is more reactive than sodium.
True or False?
Potassium reacts violently with water and acid.
True.
Potassium reacts violently with water and acid.
Give the name of a metal that is above carbon in the reactivity series.
A metal that is above carbon in the reactivity series is:
Potassium
Sodium
Lithium
Calcium
Magnesium
Aluminium
Name a metal that is below hydrogen in the reactivity series
A metal that is below hydrogen in the reactivity series is:
Copper
Silver
Gold
Which metal is more reactive; zinc or iron?
Zinc is more reactive than iron.
Which metal is more reactive; aluminium or zinc?
Aluminium is more reactive than zinc.
What mnemonic can be used to remember the reactivity series?
One mnemonic to remember the reactivity series is:
“Please send lions, cats, monkeys and cute zebras into hot countries signed Gordon”
Potassium, sodium, lithium, calcium, magnesium, carbon, zinc, iron, hydrogen, copper, silver and gold
True or False?
The most reactive metal in the reactivity series is at the bottom.
False.
The most reactive metal is found at the top of the reactivity series.
What non-metals are usually included in the reactivity series?
Carbon and hydrogen are usually included in the reactivity series because they are useful in extracting metals from their oxides by reduction processes.
True or False?
All metals react with cold water.
False.
Only metals above hydrogen in the reactivity series react with cold water.
What is the general equation for a metal reacting with water?
The general equation for a metal reacting with water is:
metal + water → metal hydroxide + hydrogen
What is displacement?
Displacement occurs when a more reactive substance takes the place of a less reactive substance.
Give the products formed when iron reacts with silver nitrate solution.
The products formed when iron reacts with silver nitrate solution are iron(II) nitrate and silver.
Why does aluminium not readily react with water and acids?
Aluminium does not readily react with water and acids because it has a protective layer of aluminium oxide.
True or False?
Magnesium can displace copper from copper sulfate solution.
True.
Magnesium can displace copper from copper sulfate solution, because it is more reactive.
State the method of extraction for metals above carbon in the reactivity series.
Metals above carbon in the reactivity series are extracted by electrolysis.
True or False?
The most reactive metals are at the bottom of the reactivity series.
False.
The most reactive metals are at the top of the reactivity series.
What determines the extraction method for a metal?
The position of the metal on the reactivity series determines the extraction method.
Which metals must be extracted by electrolysis?
Metals that must be extracted by electrolysis are higher up the reactivity series (above carbon) and include aluminum, sodium, potassium, calcium, lithium and magnesium.
True or False?
Iron is extracted by electrolysis.
False.
Iron is extracted by reduction / in the blast furnace.
What is the extraction method for metals below carbon in the reactivity series?
Metals below carbon in the reactivity series are extracted by heating / reduction with carbon.
True or False?
The higher a metal is on the reactivity series, the more resistant it is to oxidation.
False.
Metals higher up are less resistant to oxidation than the metals placed lower down which are more resistant to oxidation.
In the extraction of metals by heating with carbon, does the metal undergo an oxidation or reduction reaction?
When extracted by heating with carbon, the metal undergoes a reduction reaction.
True or false?
Aluminium is extracted using reduction.
False.
Aluminium is extracted using electrolysis.
What is a metal ore?
A metal ore is a rock that contains enough of a metal to make it worthwhile extracting.
What is the general equation for the reduction of a metal oxide by carbon?
The general equation for the reduction of a metal oxide by carbon is:
metal oxide + carbon → metal + carbon dioxide
True or False?
The extraction of metals by heating with carbon is more expensive than electrolysis.
False.
The extraction of metals by heating with carbon is cheaper than electrolysis because carbon is inexpensive and can also be a source of heat.
Define oxidation in terms of electrons.
(Higher tier only)
Oxidation is the loss of electrons.
Give the balanced symbol equation for the displacement of copper from copper(II) sulfate by zinc, including state symbols.
(Higher tier only)
The balanced symbol equation is:
Zn (s) + CuSO4 (aq) → ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)
Define reduction in terms of electrons.
(Higher tier only)
Reduction is the gain of electrons.
What is a redox reaction?
(Higher tier only)
A redox reaction is one where oxidation and reduction occur simultaneously.
True or False?
In the following reaction, magnesium has been oxidised:
Mg (s) + CuSO4 (aq) → MgSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)
(Higher tier only)
True.
In the reaction, magnesium has been oxidised as it has lost electrons.
In the following reaction, which species has been reduced?
Zn (s) + CuSO4 (aq) → ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)
(Higher tier only)
The species which has been reduced is copper as it has gained electrons.
Write the half equation for the oxidation of zinc atoms to form zinc ions, Zn2+.
(Higher tier only)
The half equation for the oxidation of zinc atoms is:
Zn ⟶ Zn2+ + 2e-
Write a half equation for the reduction of copper ions, Cu2+.
(Higher tier only)
A half equation for the reduction of copper ions is:
Cu2+ + 2e- ⟶ Cu
Define the term spectator ions.
(Higher tier only)
Spectator ions are ions that appear unchanged on both sides of a chemical equation and do not participate in the reaction.
What does the mnemonic OIL RIG stand for?
(Higher tier only)
OIL RIG stands for Oxidation Is Loss, Reduction Is Gain of electrons.
Write the half equation for the reduction of lead(II) ions.
(Higher tier only)
The half equation for the reduction of lead(II) ions is:
Pb2+ + 2e- → Pb
Write the half equation for the oxidation of bromide ions.
(Higher tier only)
The half equation for the oxidation of bromide ions is:
2Br- → Br2 + 2e-