Structure & Bonding of Carbon (AQA GCSE Chemistry)
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Why does diamond not conduct electricity?
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Why does diamond not conduct electricity?
Diamond does not conduct electricity because all of the outer shell electrons are held in the covalent bonds, and there are no freely moving delocalised electrons to carry the current.
State the properties of diamond.
Properties of diamond include:
High melting and boiling point
Does not conduct electricity
Is extremely hard
Why is diamond hard?
Diamond is hard because each carbon atom is bonded to four other carbon atoms via strong covalent bonds.
What type of bonding occurs between the carbon atoms in diamond?
Covalent bonds occur between the carbon atoms in diamond.
How many bonds does each carbon atom form in diamond?
Each carbon atom forms four bonds.
True or False?
Graphite is used in pencils, as an industrial lubricant, in inert electrodes, and in cutting tools.
False.
Graphite is used in pencils, as an industrial lubricant, in inert electrodes, and in locks.
Diamond is used in cutting tools.
Describe the structure of graphite
In graphite:
Each carbon atom is bonded to three others
There are hexagonal layers
There is one free / delocalised electron per carbon atom
True or False?
Graphite is harder than diamond.
False.
Diamond is harder than graphite.
What are the properties of graphite?
Properties of graphite include:
It conducts electricity and heat
It has a high melting point and boiling point
It is soft and slippery.
Explain why graphite conducts electricity.
Graphite conducts electricity because it has delocalised electrons that can move and carry a charge throughout the structure.
Why is graphite soft and slippery?
Graphite is soft because there are weak intermolecular forces betwen the layers, which allows the layers to slide over each other.
Why is graphite suitable to be used as electrodes in an electrolytic cell?
Graphite suitable to be used as electrodes in an electrolytic cell because it conducts electricity, is inert and has a high melting point.
How many bonds does each carbon atom in graphite form?
In graphite each carbon atom forms three bonds.
True or False?
Graphene is a 3D molecule.
False.
Graphene is essentially a 2D molecule since it is only one atom thick.
List four properties of graphene.
Four properties of graphene are:
Extremely strong but light
Conducts heat and electricity
Transparent
Flexible
Why is graphene an excellent conductor of electricity?
Graphene is an excellent conductor of electricity because it has delocalised electrons which can move and carry a charge.
What are fullerenes?
Fullerenes are molecules of carbon atoms with hollow shapes.
What are carbon nanotubes?
Carbon nanotubes are a type of fullerene produced by rolling graphene into a cylinder.
State two properties of carbon nanotubes.
Two properties of carbon nanotubes are:
High tensile strength
Ability to conduct electricity
What is a potential use of fullerenes in medicine?
Since fullerenes are hollow they can be used to trap drug molecules and deliver them where needed.
Why can carbon nanotubes conduct electricity?
Carbon nanotubes can conduct electricity because there are delocalised electrons which are free to move and carry a charge.
Give the formula of buckminsterfullerene.
The formula of buckminsterfullerene is C60.
What applications is graphene useful in?
Graphene can be useful in electronics and composites.