Ionic, Covalent & Metallic Bond (AQA GCSE Chemistry)
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What type of bonding occurs between non-metal atoms?
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What type of bonding occurs between non-metal atoms?
The type of bonding that occurs between non-metal atoms is covalent bonding.
What type of bonding occurs between metal atoms?
The type of bonding that occurs between metal atoms is metallic bonding.
What type of bonding occurs between non-metal and metal atoms?
The type of bonding that occurs between non-metal and metal atoms is ionic bonding.
What type of bonding occurs in a water molecule?
Covalent bonding occurs in a water molecule.
What type of bonding occurs in magnesium?
Metallic bonding occurs in magnesium.
State the three types of bonding.
The three types of bonding are covalent, metallic and ionic.
Why do atoms bond?
Atoms bond to achieve a greater level of stability, which is reached when the atom obtains a full outer shell of electrons.
True or False?
Ionic bonding takes place when metals and non-metals react by transferring electrons.
True.
Ionic bonding takes place when metals and non-metals react by transferring electrons.
What does a dot and cross diagram show?
A dot and cross diagram shows the transfer of electrons between atoms to form ions in an ionic bond.
True or False?
Ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons between atoms.
True.
Ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons between atoms.
In the formation of sodium chloride, which atom loses an electron?
In the formation of sodium chloride, the sodium atom loses an electron.
In the formation of magnesium oxide, how many electrons does the magnesium atom lose?
In the formation of magnesium oxide, the magnesium atom loses two electrons.
True or False?
In dot and cross diagrams, you only need to show the outer electrons.
True.
In dot and cross diagrams for exam purposes, you only need to show the outer electrons.
In the formation of an ionic compound, which atoms gain electrons?
In the formation of an ionic compound, non-metal atoms gain electrons.
What is formed when an atom loses electrons?
When an atom loses electrons, it formed a positively charged ion / cation.
True or False?
When an atom gains electrons, it becomes a positively charged anion.
False.
When an atom gains electrons, it becomes a negatively charged anion.
What happens to a Group 7 atom when it reacts with a Group 1 atom?
When a Group 7 atom reacts with a Group 1 atom, the Group 7 atom: Gains one electron. Becomes negatively charged / becomes a 1- ion.
What is incorrect about this dot-and-cross diagram?
The Mg ion should have a 2+ charge outside the square bracket.
What is the formula for magnesium chloride?
The formula for magnesium chloride is MgCl2.
True or False?
Non-metal atoms lose electrons to become negatively charged ions.
False.
Non-metal atoms gain electrons to become negatively charged ions.
True or False?
The formula for sodium oxide is NaO.
False.
The formula for sodium oxide is Na2O.
What type of forces hold ionic compounds together?
Ionic compounds are held together by strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions.
True or False?
Ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points.
True.
Ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points due to the strong electrostatic forces holding the ions together.
What is the structure of ionic compounds called?
The structure of ionic compounds is called a giant ionic lattice.
Are ionic compounds usually solid or liquid at room temperature?
Ionic compounds are usually solid at room temperature.
What are electrostatic forces?
Electrostatic forces are the attractive (or repulsive) forces between charged particles.
In an ionic lattice, what direction do the electrostatic forces act in?
In an ionic lattice, electrostatic forces act in all directions.
True or False?
Ionic compounds can conduct electricity when solid.
False.
Ionic compounds can conduct electricity when molten or aqueous.
In an ionic solution, what moves to all electrical current to flow?
In an ionic solution, the movement of ions allows electrical current to flow.
Describe the structure of a giant ionic lattice.
A giant ionic lattice is a series of positively charged and negatively charged ions arranged in an alternating pattern.
What does the 3D ball and stick model show about ionic bonds that is inaccurate?
The 3D ball and stick model inaccurately represents ionic bonds as sticks between ions, whereas in reality an ionic bond is an electrostatic force of attraction that acts in all directions around an ion.
True or False?
The 3D space-filling model is more accurate than the 3D ball and stick model for representing ionic compounds.
True.
The 3D space-filling model is more accurate than the 3D ball and stick model for representing ionic compounds.
What is represented by a short straight line between two atoms?
A short straight line between two atoms represents a covalent bond.
What is a covalent bond?
A covalent bond is a type of chemical bond where atoms share pairs of electrons with each other.
True or False?
Covalent bonds involve the transfer of electrons.
False.
Covalent bonds involve sharing electrons, not transferring them.
What type of materials form a covalent bond?
The materials that form covalent bonds are non-metals.
What makes each atom more stable in a covalent bond?
Sharing electrons in the covalent bond allows each atom to achieve an electron configuration similar to a noble gas.
What is formed when a group of two or more atoms covalently bond together?
A compound / molecule is formed when a group of two or more atoms covalently bond together.
What is the smallest molecule?
The smallest molecule is hydrogen, H2.
What do dots and crosses represent in a dot and cross diagram?
In a dot and cross diagram, dots and crosses represents electrons.
Draw the dot and cross diagram for hydrogen, H2.
The dot and cross diagram for hydrogen, H2, is:
Draw the dot and cross diagram for hydrogen chloride, HCl.
The dot and cross diagram for hydrogen chloride, HCl, is:
Draw the dot and cross diagram for water, H2O.
The dot and cross diagram for water, H2O, is:
True or False?
All covalent molecules are small.
False.
Not all covalent molecules are small; covalent molecules can also be very large, such as polymers and giant covalent structures.
What is the difference between simple covalent molecules and giant covalent structures?
Simple covalent molecules are small and can be separated into individual molecular units without breaking chemical bonds, while giant covalent structures form huge continuous networks of atoms that cannot be separated without breaking bonds.
State one advantage of the dot and cross diagram to represent a molecule of ammonia.
One advantage of using the a dot and cross diagram is:
Useful for illustrating the transfer of electrons
Indicates from which atom the bonding electrons come from
State one disadvantage of the dot and cross diagram to represent a molecule of ammonia.
One disadvantage of using the a dot and cross diagram is:
Fails to illustrate the 3D arrangements of the atoms and electron shells
Doesn’t indicate the relative sizes of the atoms
State one advantage of the ball and stick model to represent a molecule of ammonia.
One advantage of the ball and stick model to represent a molecule of ammonia is:
Useful for illustrating the arrangement of atoms in space
Especially useful for visualizing the shape of a molecule
State one disadvantage of the ball and stick model to represent a molecule of ammonia.
One disadvantage of the ball and stick model to represent a molecule of ammonia is:
Fails at indicating the movement of electrons
The atoms are placed far apart from each other, which in reality is not the case as the gaps between atoms are much smaller
State one advantage of the 2D representation of a molecule of methane.
One advantage of the 2D representation of a molecule of methane is:
Displayed formulae are 2D representations and are basically simpler versions of the ball and stick model
Adequately indicate what atoms are in a molecule and how they are connected
State one disadvantage of the 2D representation of a molecule of methane.
One disadvantage of the 2D representation of a molecule of methane is:
Fail to illustrate the relative sizes of the atoms and bonds
Cannot give you an idea of the shape of a molecule and what it looks like in 3D space
True or False?
The atoms in the polymer molecules are linked to other atoms by strong ionic bonds.
False.
The atoms in the polymer molecules are linked to other atoms by strong covalent bonds.
What is metallic bonding?
Metallic bonding is the strong electrostatic force of attraction between delocalised electrons and positively charged metal ions.
What are delocalised electrons in metals?
Delocalised electrons are electrons in metals that do not belong to any particular metal atom and are free to move throughout the metal lattice.
Describe the structure of a metal.
Metal structures are positive metal ions arranged in a regular pattern, with a "sea" of delocalised electrons moving freely between them.
True or False?
Metallic bonds are strong due to the attraction between negative metal ions and delocalised electrons.
False.
Metallic bonds are strong due to the attraction between positive metal ions and delocalised electrons.
True or False?
Electrons in the outer shell of metal atoms are lost in metallic bonding.
True.
Electrons in the outer shell of metal atoms are lost in metallic bonding.
What are delocalised electrons?
Delocalised electrons are electrons that no longer belong to any specific metal atom.
What type of structure do metals have?
Metals have a giant lattice structure.
