1 markThe image below shows molecules in two solutions separated by a membrane.
In which direction would there be movement?
| water molecules | solute molecules | |
| A | right to left | no net movement |
| B | left to right | right to left |
| C | left to right | no net movement |
| D | right to left | left to right |
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1 markA plant absorbs a number of substances into its roots.
Which row of the table below correctly shows how these substances usually move into the roots?
| minerals | oxygen | water | |
| A | active transport | diffusion | osmosis |
| B | active transport | not absorbed | transpiration |
| C | diffusion | diffusion | osmosis |
| D | active transport | not absorbed | osmosis |
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1 markThe diagram below shows the stages of mitosis but in the incorrect order.
Which row represents the correct sequence of stages?
| A | 3 → 2 → 4 → 1 |
| B | 2 → 1 → 3 → 4 |
| C | 3 → 4 → 1 → 2 |
| D | 2 → 1 → 4 → 3 |
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1 markWhich definition best describes the process of differentiation?
The adaptation of a cell for a particular function
The process of using stem cells to replace damaged cells
The process by which the structure and functional characteristics of a cell changes
The process by which a cell continues to grow into a much larger cell
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1 markWhich of the following statements best describes why embryonic stem cells are more desirable than adult stem cells for therapeutic use?
Embryonic stem cells can be used to treat a variety of diseases.
Embryonic stem cells can be used to grow new organs for transplantation.
There are far fewer ethical issues associated with the use of embryonic stem cells.
Embryonic stem cells can differentiate into any specialised cell type.
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1 markLook at the table. Which row describes active transport?
| Only occurs across a membrane |
Uses ATP | Only moves substances from | ||
| low to high concentration |
high to low concentration |
|||
| A | ✓ | ✓ | ||
| B | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| C | ✓ | ✓ | ||
| D | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
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1 markLook at some of the stages in mitosis.
| 1 | The nuclear membrane forms. |
| 2 | The nuclear membrane breaks down. |
| 3 | Chromosomes separate. |
| 4 | Chromosomes line up on the equator. |
What is the correct order of these stages during mitosis?
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3 2 4
1 4 32
2 4 3 1
3 2 4 1
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1 markA plant cell is placed in a solution with a higher solute concentration than the cell contents.
What will happen to the plant cell?
Absorb water until it bursts.
Absorb water until it is turgid.
Lose cytoplasm and shrink.
Lose water and become flaccid.
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1 markWhich is a function of carrier proteins in a cell membrane?
Transfer impulses across a synapse
Transfer molecules by active transport
Transport amino acids in protein synthesis
Transport molecules around the blood
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1 markLook at the diagram. It shows the particles dissolved in two solutions.
The particles can diffuse through the permeable membrane.
Which statement about the particles is true in this diagram?
Particles move in both directions across the permeable membrane.
Particles only move from X to Y.
Particles only move from Y to X.
Particles stop moving when the concentrations become equal.
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1 markWhy do plant root hair cells use active transport to take in minerals?
Minerals are dissolved in water in the soil.
Minerals are needed by the plant in very low concentrations.
Minerals are present at very high concentrations in the soil.
Minerals are present at very low concentrations in the soil.
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1 markWhich one of these stages comes first during mitosis?
The nuclear membrane forms.
The nuclear membrane breaks down.
Chromosomes separate.
Chromosomes line up on the equator.
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1 markScientists want to make human stem cells from body cells rather than getting stem cells from embryos.
Why is this?
Human embryos are single-celled.
Some people object to destroying human embryos.
Stem cells cannot be found in human embryos.
The cells in human embryos are all differentiated.
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1 markWhy are stem cells useful for repairing damaged tissues?
They are easily obtained from any organ.
They are not attacked by pathogens such as bacteria.
They are haploid.
They can divide to form different types of cell.
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1 markAn experiment is carried out to find the concentration of potato tissue.
Four chips are cut from a potato.
At the start, each chip is 50mm long, 10mm wide and 10mm high.
Each chip is put in a different sucrose solution A, B, C and D.
The volumes of the chips are calculated after 1 hour.
| Sucrose solution | Volume of chip (mm3) |
| A | 50 |
| B | 500 |
| C | 5000 |
| D | 50000 |
Which sucrose solution has the same concentration as the potato tissue?
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1 markA student models the process of mitosis using cookies and sprinkles.
Mitosis is part of the cell cycle.
Which process in the cell cycle has the student modelled?
Cell division
Chromosome movement
DNA replication
Growth of cell
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1 markArsenic is a toxin that stops respiration in cells.
What other cell process would be stopped because of arsenic?
Active transport
Diffusion
Osmosis
Transpiration
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1 markIn people with multiple sclerosis their immune cells stop working as they should. HSCT is a treatment for multiple sclerosis which destroys all the immune cells.
Once the immune cells are destroyed, cells from a patient’s bone marrow can replace the immune cells.
What type of cell is used to replace the destroyed immune cells?
Neurone cell
Red blood cell
Stem cell
White blood cell
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1 markWhat is meant by the term cell differentiation?
Cells become organs
Cells become organ systems
Cells become specialised
Cells become tissues
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1 markWhich type of cell can divide to produce a range of different cell types?
Heart cell
Neurone cell
Sperm cell
Stem cell
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1 markA student models the process of mitosis using cookies and sprinkles.
Mitosis is part of the cell cycle.
Which part of the cell cycle has the student modelled?
Cell division
Chromosome movement
DNA replication
Growth of cell
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1 markThe diagram shows the direction of oxygen transfer from red blood cells to body cells.
What process does the arrow show?
Active transport
Diffusion
Osmosis
Transpiration
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1 markDuring which phase of the cell cycle does mitosis happen?
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