Respiration (Edexcel GCSE Biology: Combined Science)

Exam Questions

1 hour10 questions
1a
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2 marks

Figure 1 shows a single-celled pond organism (Amoeba proteus).

fig-10-1bio-2f-nov2021-qp-gcse-bio

Figure 1

(i)

Which row of the table allows the net diffusion of oxygen into Amoeba proteus?

(1)

      concentration of oxygen in
water in ppm
concentration of oxygen in
Amoeba proteus in ppm
  A 4 4
  B 10 10
  C 4 10
  D 10 4

(ii)


Amoeba
proteus uses oxygen for aerobic respiration.

Complete the equation for aerobic respiration.

(1)

glucose + oxygen → .............................. + ............................. (+ energy is released)

1b
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7 marks

Humans breathe faster when they exercise.

(i)

Which two changes allow the rate of respiration in the muscle to increase?

(1)

      heart rate amount of glucose
delivered to the muscles
  A increases increases
  B increases decreases
  C decreases increases
  D decreases decreases

(ii)
Figure 2 shows breathing data for a human at rest and when running at 5 metres per second on a running machine.

activity mean number of breaths
per minute
mean volume of air in one breath in dm3 mean volume of air breathed in dm3 per minute
at rest 5.0 0.8 4.0
running at 5 metres per second 24.7 2.7 ?

Figure 2

Calculate the mean volume of air breathed per minute when running at 5 metres per second.

Give your answer to one decimal place.

(2)

(iii)

Devise an investigation to compare the mean number of breaths per minute for men, with the mean number of breaths per minute for women, when running at 5 metres per second on a running machine.

(4)

1c
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1 mark

Whilst running, the leg muscles of an athlete tightened up, causing cramp.

Name the product of anaerobic respiration that can cause cramp.

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2a
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2 marks

Respiration is a life process carried out by all organisms to release energy for cellular processes.

State two uses, in an animal cell, of the energy released during respiration.

2b
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2 marks

The diagram shows an animal cell.

animal-cell-mitochondria-1

(i)

Identify the letter, from W-Z, that indicates the sub-cellular structure where respiration takes place.

(1)

(ii)

Name the sub-cellular structure identified in part (i),

(1)
2c
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3 marks

Complete the following sentence about respiration. Use each word once, more than once or not at all.

glucose chemical smaller aerobic oxygen
cell larger carbon dioxide anaerobic protein


Respiration releases energy from ............... . There are two types of respiration that occur in animal cells: ............... respiration occurs in the absence of ............... and produces a ............... amount of energy. ............... respiration occurs when ............... is present and produces a ............... amount of energy.

2d
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2 marks

Complete the table with a () or a (X) to show the products and reactants of aerobic respiration in animals.

  Product Reactant
Oxygen    
Carbon dioxide    
Lactic acid    
Glucose    
Water    
Ethanol    

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3a
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1 mark

Earthworms are decomposers which break down dead plant and animal material in the soil. Decomposition is faster in aerated soil because the earthworms can respire aerobically.

Explain why aeration of the soil ensures that the earthworms can respire aerobically?

3b
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2 marks

If the ground becomes waterlogged then less oxygen will be available in the soil and the earthworm will need to respire anaerobically.

Give the word equation used to represent anaerobic respiration in earthworms.

3c
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2 marks

An oxygen debt is often associated with anaerobic respiration. 

Describe the process that occurs in the human body during an oxygen debt.

3d
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4 marks

The table below lists some other features of aerobic or anaerobic respiration.

Complete the table to indicate whether the statements apply to aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration or both.

The first statement has been completed for you.

Statement Respiration Type
Produces lactic acid as a waste product  Anaerobic respiration
Produces ethanol when it occurs in yeast  
Produces lots of ATP  
Releases energy from glucose  
Increases during intense exercise  

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4a
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1 mark

Respiration is a vital process that provides cells with the energy they need to carry out various functions. This process can occur through aerobic respiration, which requires oxygen, or anaerobic respiration, which occurs in the absence of oxygen. 

In an environment with fluctuating oxygen levels, cells need to adapt to varying conditions. 

Which metabolic strategy would be the most adaptive for these cells?

  A rely on aerobic respiration
  B rely on anaerobic respiration with lactate fermentation
  C inhalation and exhalation
  D both aerobic and anaerobic respiration
4b
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4 marks

There are several differences and similarities between aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration in plants.

Complete the Table 1 below.

Table 1

  Aerobic Respiration in Plants Anaerobic Respiration in Plants
Location    
Energy Yield    
Presence of Oxygen    
Production of Carbon Dioxide    
4c
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2 marks

Suggest an environment in which anaerobic respiration might be necessary for plants and fungi.      

4d
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2 marks

An unbalanced chemical equation for anaerobic respiration in plants is shown below.

C6H12O6 → C2H5OH + CO2                                                                               

Write the balanced chemical equation.

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5a
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1 mark

Respiration is an exothermic reaction.

Justify this statement.

5b
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3 marks

A student carries out an experiment to demonstrate that respiration is an exothermic reaction. The apparatus is shown in Figure 1.

8-1-respiration-easy-q2

Figure 1

State the variable that the student will be measuring in the experiment and describe how they will measure it.

5c
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2 marks

Explain why the student has included flask A in their experiment.

5d
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1 mark

Suggest how the student could ensure that their results were reliable.

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1a
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3 marks

Give a definition of the term 'respiration'.

1b
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2 marks

In an investigation, a person ran at different speeds. 

The graph in Figure 1 shows the concentration of lactic acid in the runner's blood and the runner's heart rate during the run. 

-EJTGEHx_1
Figure 1

When the running speed is 22 km h-1, the stroke volume of the runner is 0.18 dm3.

Calculate the cardiac output of the runner using the equation. State the appropriate units. 

cardiac output = stroke volume × heart rate

1c
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1 mark

Referring to the data in Figure 1, state the concentration of lactic acid in the blood when the heart rate has reached its maximum level. 

1d
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3 marks

Explain why the concentration of lactic acid changes at running speeds greater than 18 km h-1.

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2a
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6 marks

In the absence of sufficient oxygen, cells respire anaerobically.

(i)

Identify the compounds X and Y to complete the word equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast cells.

Glucose → Compound X + Compound Y

(ii)

State two industrial processes that make use of anaerobic respiration of yeast cells.

(2)

(iii)

Compare anaerobic respiration in the muscle cell of an animal with anaerobic respiration in a yeast cell.

(3)

2b3 marks

Identify three different ways in which animals use the energy released by aerobic respiration.

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3a
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2 marks

Figure 1 shows three respirometers set up for an investigation into respiration in peas. 

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Figure 1

  • Respirometer A contained germinating peas.
  • Respirometer B contained peas that had been boiled and cooled before the experiment. 
  • Respirometer C contained glass beads.
  • All other aspects of each respirometer were kept constant. 

All three respirometers were placed in a water bath at 25°C for 30 minutes. The reduction in oxygen levels inside each respirometer was measured using a data logger. 

Explain why the respirometers were placed in a water bath at 25°C for 30 minutes.

3b
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2 marks

The scientist carrying out the study recorded the change in oxygen levels within the 3 respirometers over a 30-minute period. 

The results are shown below

A  10 minutes (-0.8) cm3, 20 minutes (-1.6) cm3, 30 minutes (-2.4) cm3

B  10 minutes (-0.1) cm3, 20 minutes (-0.1) cm3, 30 minutes (-0.1) cm3

No change

Complete the table below with these results. 

blank-table

3c
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2 marks

Calculate the rate of oxygen consumption per second for the peas in Respirometer A.

....................................cm3 per second
3d
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3 marks
(i)
Explain why glass beads were used in Respirometer C.
(1)
(ii)
Explain why Respirometer A has the highest rate of oxygen consumption of the three respirometers.
(2)

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4
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5 marks

The graph in Figure 1 shows the volume of oxygen an athlete absorbs at different running speeds.fig-4-1bio-2f-june18-qp-gcse-bio


Figure 1
(i)
Describe the trend shown in Figure 1
(2)
(ii)
Which uses more oxygen when the running speed of the athlete changes from 4 to 6 km per hour?

(1)

  A increasing aerobic respiration
  B increasing anaerobic respiration
  C decreasing aerobic respiration 
  D decreasing anaerobic respiration


(iii)
Explain why the athlete produces lactic acid when running at 14 km per hour.
(2)

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5a
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4 marks

A student investigated respiration in three different organisms.

Red hydrogencarbonate indicator was placed in each of three test tubes.

Gauze was placed in each test tube to hold the organisms.

In test tube 1 the student placed four germinating peas.

In test tube 2 the student placed four dried peas.

In test tube 3 the student placed four mealworms.

Bungs were added to each of the test tubes.

The three test tubes were left for one hour.

The equipment used is shown in Figure 1.fig-3-1bio-2h-june19-qp-gcse-bio

Figure 1

(i)
State two ways this method could be improved to make the results for these three organisms more comparable.

(2)

1..........................................
2 ..........................................

(ii)
Describe a suitable control for this investigation.

(2)

5b
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3 marks

Hydrogencarbonate indicator changes from red to yellow when more carbon dioxide is present.

The results for this investigation are shown in Figure 2.

organisms colour of hydrogencarbonate indicator
germinating peas yellow
dried peas red
mealworms yellow


Figure 2

(i)
Explain why the result for the germinating peas is different from the result for the dried peas.

(2)

(ii)
How was the carbon dioxide produced in this investigation?

(1)

  A by photosynthesis
  B when glucose is broken down in the presence of oxygen
  C when glucose is broken down in the absence of oxygen 
  D by the reaction between oxygen and water

5c
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2 marks

Explain why cellular respiration is essential for living organisms.

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