The Need for Transport
- In order for any organism to function properly, it needs to exchange substances between itself and the environment such as:
- Oxygen
- Carbon dioxide
- Water
- Dissolved food molecules
- Mineral ions
- Urea
- This exchange of substances occurs across the cell membrane
- There are three transport processes that living organisms use for exchange: diffusion, osmosis and active transport
- Unicellular (single-celled) organisms like amoeba have very large surface areas (SA) in comparison to their volumes
- This means that the distance between the surface of the organism to its centre is very small
- As a result, unicellular organisms do not need to have specialist exchange surfaces or transport systems; as diffusion, osmosis and active transport through the cell membrane occur at a sufficient rate to meet the needs of the organism
Unicellular organisms such as amoeba do not require transport systems due to their large surface area to volume ratio
Multicellular organisms
- For larger, multicellular organisms the distance between the surface of the organism to its centre is relatively long
- This is why larger organisms usually have exchange surfaces and transport systems; as diffusion, osmosis and active transport cannot happen sufficiently to meet a larger organism’s needs otherwise
- Transport systems in animals include:
- The blood and circulatory system - carries the necessary substances around the body
- Transport systems in plants include:
- The xylem - moves water and mineral ions from roots to shoots
- The phloem - moves sugars and amino acids to where they are needed in the plant
Some examples of transport systems in plants and animals