The Need for a Balanced Diet
- A balanced diet consists of all of the food groups in the correct proportions
- The necessary key food groups are:
- Carbohydrates
- Proteins
- Lipids
- Dietary Fibre
- Vitamins
- Minerals (mineral ions)
- Water
Dietary elements functions and sources table
Dietary element | Function | Sources |
Iron | Iron is used to make haemoglobin, which is an essential chemical found in red blood cells that binds to oxygen and carries it around the body in the blood | Red meat, liver, leafy green vegetables like spinach |
Vitamin C |
Forms an essential part of collagen protein, which makes up skin, hair, gums and bones |
Citrus fruit, strawberries, green vegetables |
Fibre | Provides bulk (roughage) for the intestine to push food through it | Vegetables, whole grains |
Water | Needed for chemical reactions to take place in cells | Water, juice, milk, fruits and vegetables |
- The nutritional requirements for individuals will vary throughout their lifetime
- An individual will still require the same key food groups, but in different quantities depending on a number of factors such as age, height, sex, activity levels, pregnancy and breastfeeding
Variations in dietary requirements table
Dietary needs | |
Age | The amount of energy that young people need increases towards adulthood as this energy is needed for growth. Children need a higher proportion of protein in their diet than adults as this is required for growth. Energy needs of adults decrease as they age |
Activity levels | The more active, the more energy is required for movement as muscles are contracting more and respiring faster |
Pregnancy | During pregnancy, energy requirements increase as energy is needed to support the growth of the developing fetus, as well as the larger mass that the mother needs to carry around. Extra calcium and iron are also needed in the diet to help build the bones, teeth and blood of the fetus |
Breastfeeding | Energy requirements increase and extra calcium is still needed to make high quality breast milk |
Sex | Male average energy requirements tend to exceed that of females due to them having a larger proportion of muscle compared to fat |