1 markWhat is a mutation?
The process of taking genes from the DNA of one organism and inserting them into the DNA of another
The cause of continuous phenotypic variation in organisms
The cause of environmental variation in organisms
A change in the base sequence of DNA
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1 markWhich of the following is not caused as a result of a genetic mutation?
A non-functional enzyme
Decreased variation in a population
A new allele for a gene
Development of cancerous cells
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1 markThe following statements describe the process of natural selection.
I. New alleles increase in the population over time
II. Mutation provides an advantage to those who have it
III. Random mutation causes variation in the population
IV. Individuals with mutations are more likely to survive and reproduce
What is the correct order for these statements?
I → II → IV → III
III → II → IV → I
IV → II → III → I
II → III → IV → I
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1 markA patient with a bacterial infection is treated with antibiotics, but some of the bacteria survive.
Which statement is correct about the bacteria that have survived?
The bacteria will now be resistant to all antibiotics
The resistant bacteria are a result of selective breeding
The bacteria will have undergone a process of natural selection
The antibiotic will now work better on the next generation of bacteria
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1 markThe list below shows the binomial names for eight animals.
Canis lupus
Cygnus buccinator
Dasypus novemcinctus
Dasyurus maculatus
Equus burchelli
Eumetopias jubatus
Felis chaus
Felis lybica
Which two animals are most closely related?
Dasypus novemcinctus & Dasyurus maculatus
Felis chaus & Felis lybica
Equus burchelli & Eumetopias jubatus
Cygnus buccinator & Dasypus novemcinctus
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1 markFOP is a disorder that causes soft tissue in the body to turn to bone.
It is caused by a dominant allele.
People who have this condition are often infertile.
Natural selection predicts that the number of children born with the condition will go down.
Which explanation can explain why the number of people with FOP is staying constant?
The allele is being produced regularly by mutation.
Dominant alleles can remain hidden for generations.
The allele may increase the rate of meiosis.
The allele has no effect on a person’s phenotype.
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1 markWhich statement best describes the development of the theory of evolution by natural selection?
Darwin and Mendel working together
Darwin and Wallace working independently
Darwin and Wallace working together
Mendel working on his own
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1 markWhich approach would be used to classify organisms by phylogenetics?
Compare the structure of the organisms’ internal organs
Look at DNA base sequences
Look at the behaviour of the organisms
Study fossils
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1 markWhat are the names of the two scientists who first suggested the theory of natural selection?
Darwin and Mendel
Mendel and Wallace
Wallace and Darwin
Watson and Crick
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1 markWhich of these is a feature of an artificial classification system?
It shows evolutionary links between organisms.
It can be based on similarities in DNA.
It may compare the amino acids in proteins.
It uses a single difference or similarity between organisms.
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1 markHow does the fossil record provide evidence for evolution?
It provides information about all extinct organisms.
It shows that all organisms have evolved at the same rate.
It shows that many small changes can result in a large change in organisms over time.
It shows that changes in phenotype occurring during life can be passed on in the genes.
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1 markStrains of bacteria are now becoming resistant to antibiotics.
Which process is causing this resistance?
Genetic modification
Natural classification
Natural selection
Selective breeding
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1 markWhy are the effects of most mutations not observed?
Most mutations do not affect the genotype or phenotype.
Most mutations do not affect the phenotype.
Mutations mainly affect internal body processes.
Mutations often kill the organism.
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1 markWhich of these is a similarity between selective breeding and natural selection?
Cause a change in organisms’ genotypes but not phenotypes.
Humans decide which organisms will reproduce.
Only some organisms reproduce.
Take place over many thousands of years.
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1 markDarwin and Wallace both developed theories of natural selection. Both of their theories were developed after making observations on islands.
What is the most likely explanation for this?
Conditions on neighbouring islands are very similar.
Different characteristics were observed in organisms on islands compared to the mainland.
There are no selection pressures for organisms on islands.
There is no competition for food on islands.
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1 markHumans belong to the species H.sapiens.
H.sapiens have evolved from a number of possible ancestors. The graph shows five of these ancestors.
What conclusion about human evolution can be made from the graph?
A larger brain meant that the species were better adapted to their environment.
H.sapiens outcompeted the other species which then became extinct.
In general, the more recently a species first appears, the larger its brain size.
There is no correlation between brain size and when a species first appeared.
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1 markWhat is meant by the term phylogenetics?
Classifying organisms using many common characteristics.
Constructing diagrams to predict how characteristics are inherited.
The study of evolutionary relationships based on molecular studies.
Using a single common feature to determine evolutionary relationships.
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1 markSeedbanks store many types of seed for long periods of time.
Why were seedbanks set up?
To act as a store of biodiversity.
To be used to feed animals if food is short.
To store pathogens for future use.
To supply seeds to farmers at a cheaper cost.
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1 markWhat is meant by the term natural classification?
Classifying organisms according to their uses.
Classifying organisms using many of their common characteristics.
Using a key to classify organisms.
Using a single feature to classify organisms.
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