Circulatory System (Edexcel GCSE Biology)
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What are the main components of blood?
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What are the main components of blood?
The main components of blood are:
red blood cells
white blood cells
platelets
plasma
What cell types are indicated by X and Y in the diagram of blood components?
Structures X and Y are:
X = red blood cell
Y = white blood cell
What is the role of red blood cells?
The function of red blood cells is to transport oxygen (via haemoglobin) to tissues and organs.
What is the function of white blood cells?
White blood cells are involved in the immune response; they carry out:
phagocytosis
antibody production
True or False?
Platelets transport oxygen around the body in the blood.
False.
Platelets are involved in the blood clotting process. Red blood cells transport oxygen.
What substances are transported in the blood plasma?
Substances transported in the plasma include:
blood cells
ions
nutrients
urea
hormones
carbon dioxide
What is the function of arteries?
Arteries carry blood away from the heart.
Which features in the diagram show that the blood vessel is an artery?
The blood vessel in the diagram is an artery because:
the wall is thick
the lumen is narrow
no valves are present
What is the function of veins?
Veins carry blood at low pressure towards the heart.
Which features in the diagram show that the blood vessel is a vein?
The blood vessel is a vein because:
the wall is thin
the lumen is wide
Which key feature of veins is not visible in the diagram?
The key feature of veins that is not visible in the diagram is the presence of valves.
What is the function of capillaries?
The function of capillaries is to transport oxygenated blood from the arteries to the cells, and deoxygenated blood from the cells to the veins.
In doing so they supply the cells with oxygen and nutrients, and remove waste products from the cells.
What are the structures labelled A-D in the diagram?
The structures are:
A = right atrium
B = right ventricle
C = one-way valve / atrioventricular valve / bicuspid valve
D = septum
Describe the pathway of deoxygenated blood through the heart as it travels from the body to the lungs.
Deoxygenated blood from the body passes through the heart and to the lungs as follows:
blood enters the right atrium via the vena cava
it flows through a valve into the right ventricle
it is pumped into the pulmonary artery which takes it to the lungs
What role do valves play in the heart?
Valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood, ensuring that blood flows in only one direction through the heart chambers and vessels.
How does blood return to the heart from the lungs?
Oxygenated blood returns to the heart from the lungs via the pulmonary vein.
How is the cardiac muscle of the heart supplied with oxygenated blood?
The coronary arteries supply the cardiac muscle of the heart with oxygenated blood, ensuring it receives a constant supply of oxygen and glucose for aerobic respiration to release energy for muscle contraction.
True or False?
Deoxygenated blood enters the left side of the heart from the body.
False.
Deoxygenated blood enters the right side of the heart from the body, via the vena cava.
Which vein is the only vein in the body to carry oxygenated blood?
The pulmonary vein is the only vein to carry oxygenated blood, returning blood to the heart after gas exchange has taken place.
True or False?
Arteries carry blood away from the heart.
True.
Arteries carry blood away from the heart while veins carry blood into the heart.
What is the function of the circulatory system?
The circulatory system consists of a double pump within a closed network of blood vessels connected to the heart, responsible for transporting oxygenated blood to the body cells and returning deoxygenated blood to the heart.
What is the equation used to calculate cardiac output?
Cardiac output can be calculated using:
Cardiac output = stroke volume × heart rate
True or False?
The renal vein carries oxygenated blood away from the kidneys.
False.
The renal vein carries deoxygenated blood away from the kidneys.
Which blood vessel carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs from the heart?
The blood vessel that carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs from the heart is the pulmonary artery.