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What is enculturation?
Enculturation is the process by which an individual absorbs and learns the norms, traditions, rituals, attitudes, and practices of the culture into which they are born and raised.
True or False?
Enculturation happens at a conscious level.
False.
Enculturation happens almost at an unconscious level.
In which ways is enculturation transmitted?
Enculturation is transmitted vertically (by parents), horizontally (by siblings, friends), and obliquely (by other adults, celebrities, media, and social organisations).
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What is enculturation?
Enculturation is the process by which an individual absorbs and learns the norms, traditions, rituals, attitudes, and practices of the culture into which they are born and raised.
True or False?
Enculturation happens at a conscious level.
False.
Enculturation happens almost at an unconscious level.
In which ways is enculturation transmitted?
Enculturation is transmitted vertically (by parents), horizontally (by siblings, friends), and obliquely (by other adults, celebrities, media, and social organisations).
True or False?
Enculturation is adaptive as it helps people to survive and thrive within their culture, preserving cultural practices from one generation to the next.
True.
Enculturation is adaptive as it helps people to survive and thrive within their culture, preserving cultural practices from one generation to the next.
How does enculturation affect parenting?
Enculturation affects and influences all aspects of a person’s life, including the attitudes, beliefs, and behaviours involved in parenting, such as attitudes towards gender roles.
How does enculturation affect the attitudes of parents towards gender roles?
Enculturation affects the attitudes of parents towards gender roles, such as how girls and boys should behave; what is ‘right’ and what is ‘wrong’ depending on whether the child is a boy or a girl.
True or False?
Basu et al. (2017) is a study investigating enculturation and gender roles in two individualistic cultures.
False.
Basu et al. (2017) is a study investigating the effects of enculturation and gender roles in two collectivist cultures.
Define acculturation.
Acculturation is the process by which people adapt to a new and different culture.
True or False?
Acculturation is a one-way process.
False.
Acculturation is a bi-directional (two-way) process: it both affects and is affected by the people involved in it.
Acculturation affects which of the following?
a) Genes
b) Hormones
c) Parenting
c) Acculturation affects parenting e.g. parental attitudes and behaviours.
True or False?
The children of first-generation parents are typically more traditional in their behaviours and attitudes than their parents.
False.
The children of first-generation parents are generally less traditional than their parents.
According to Berry, what is the most successful acculturative strategy?
Integration is the most successful acculturative strategy, as the individual maintains their original culture whilst also taking on aspects of the new culture.
Define acculturative stress.
Acculturative stress refers to the stress experienced during the process of acculturation.
True or False?
Acculturative stress refers to a person's native culture causing them anxiety.
False.
Acculturative stress refers to the strain of adapting to a new and different culture.
Whose model is a theory of acculturation based on four strategies individuals use when adapting to a dominant culture?
Berry’s Model is a theory of acculturation based on four strategies individuals use when adapting to a dominant culture.
Which two of the following are Berry’s acculturation strategies?
a) Assimilation
b) Persecution
c) Separation
d) Insubordination
Two of Berry’s acculturation strategies are:
a) assimilation
c) separation
True or False?
According to Berry, the most successful strategy is marginalisation.
False.
According to Berry, the most successful strategy is integration.
State the meaning of marginalisation.
Marginalisation is an acculturation strategy where individuals have no interest in integrating or assimilating into the dominant culture (this tends to lead to the highest levels of acculturative stress).
Identify one practical application of Berry's acculturation model.
One practical application of Berry's acculturation model is helping non-native residents adapt to new cultures.
What does Berry’s acculturation model not account for?
Berry’s acculturation model does not account for individuals with mixed cultural heritage.
What is the aim of Basu et al.'s (2017) study?
a) To investigate enculturation in adolescents and their parents towards gender-appropriate behaviour
b) To investigate acculturation in adolescents and their parents towards gender-appropriate behaviour
The aim of Basu et al. (2017) is:
a) To investigate enculturation in adolescents and their parents towards gender-appropriate behaviour.
True or False?
Basu et al. (2017) used thematic analysis on the data they collected.
True.
Basu et al. (2017) used thematic analysis on the data they collected, which enables researchers to identify common themes which emerge from an interview.
What are the main themes identified by Basu et al. (2017)?
The main themes identified by Basu et al. (2017) are:
gendered behaviour expectations
parental influence
the use of punishment for rule violations.
True or False?
The Basu et al. (2017) study is high in validity.
True:
The Basu et al. (2017) study is high in validity. The use of narrative interviews collected rich qualitative data, providing in-depth insights into enculturation processes, thus it is high in validity.
What is a limitation of Basu et al. (2017) regarding the sample?
A limitation of Basu et al. (2017) is the sample is not representative, as it primarily consisted of participants from socially and economically disadvantaged areas.
What is the aim of the Inman et al. (2007) study?
The aim of the Inman et al. (2007) study is to investigate ethnic identity in first-generation Indian Hindu parents living in the USA.
True or False?
Inman et al. (2007) found that first-generation immigrant parents face no challenges in acculturating successfully.
False.
Inman et al. (2007) found that acculturative stress was an issue for first-generation immigrant parents .
In the Inman et al. (2007) study, the use of cross-checking and confirmation between researchers and an external auditor gives the study:
a) statistical power
b) demand characteristics
c) internal validity
c.
In the Inman et al. (2007) study, the use of cross-checking and confirmation between researchers and an external auditor gives the study internal validity.