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What is the Dual Process Model?
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What is the Dual Process Model?
The Dual Process Model is a conceptual framework that describes two systems of thinking: System 1 (S1), which is fast and intuitive, and System 2 (S2), which is slower and analytical.
Which of the following examples demonstrates System 1 thinking?
a) Planning a holiday
b) Driving a familiar route
c) Complex mental mathematics
b.
Driving a familiar route is an example of System 1 thinking.
Driving a familiar route requires little mental effort; it is an automatic process.
Which of the following examples demonstrates System 2 thinking?
a) Choosing a pizza topping
b) Summing 2 + 5 mentally
c) Deciding whether to buy a particular house
c.
Deciding whether to buy a particular house is an example of System 2 thinking.
A house purchase requires effortful thinking which should be taken slowly and deliberately.
True or False?
System 1 thinking is prone to bias and heuristics.
True.
System 1 thinking happens automatically and is prone to biases and heuristics, which can lead to errors and inaccuracies.
True or False?
System 2 thinking uses less cognitive energy compared to System 1 thinking.
False.
System 2 thinking requires more cognitive energy compared to System 1, as it involves slower, analytical processes.
How could the Dual Process Model be used practically?
a) to improve decision-making in fields like business and policy-making
b) to improve memory in primary age children
c) to improve recovery rates after a heart attack
a.
The Dual Process Model be used practically to improve decision-making in fields like business and policy-making.
Identify one limitation of the Dual Process Model in terms of how easy it is to research System 1 and System 2 thinking.
One limitation of the Dual Process Model is that the model struggles to operationalise both System 1 and System 2 thinking making research inconclusive about which system is being used during tasks.
True or False?
Alter et al. (2007) aimed to investigate the effect of disfluency on System 1 and System 2 thinking.
True.
Alter et al. (2007) aimed to investigate the Dual Process Model via the effect of disfluency (operationalised using a difficult-to-read font) on System 1 and System 2 thinking.
What is the dependent variable in Alter et al. (2007)?
a) The number of incorrect responses to cognitive reflection test questions
b) The number of correct responses to cognitive reflection test questions
c) The number of ridiculous responses to cognitive reflection test questions
b.
The dependent variable in Alter et al.'s (2007) study is the number of correct responses to Cognitive Reflection Test questions.
What is the cognitive reflection test?
The cognitive reflection test is a set of questions designed to assess an individual's ability to override an intuitive response and engage in deliberate, reflective thinking.
What is the sample size in the Lerner & Mal-Kellams (2016) study?
a) The sample size consisted of 27 participants
b) The sample size consisted of 77 participants
c) The sample size consisted of 72 participants
c.
The sample size in the Lerner & Mal-Kellams (2016) study is 72 participants.
Lerner & Ma-Kellams (2016) aims to investigate whether System 1 or System 2 thinkers showed more empathy.
Define empathy.
Empathy is the ability to understand and share the feelings of another person.
True or False?
Lerner & Mal-Kellams (2016) find that System 2 thinkers are less accurate in rating and responding to the mood of their partners in a mock interview.
False.
Lerner & Mal-Kellams (2016) find that System 2 thinkers are more accurate in terms of their empathy, specifically how they rated and responded to the mood of their partner in the mock interview.
How is the each participant's emotion measured in the Lerner & Ma-Kellams (2016) study?
Participants in Lerner & Ma-Kellams 's (2016) study rate how they feel, as well as how they think their partners feel, on 20 different mood items
In Lerner & Mal-Kellman's (2016) study, empathy is a complex trait that cannot be easily quantified, which raises concerns about:
a) the validity of using a rating scale to measure it
b) the reliability of using a rating scale to measure it
c) the ethics of using a rating scale to measure it
a.
Empathy is a complex trait that cannot be easily quantified, which raises concerns about the validity of using a rating scale to measure it.