A takeaway drinks company are investigating different recyclable and reusable materials to keep both hot and cold drinks at a drinkable temperature for longer. Thermal energy transfers from hotter areas to cooler areas.
Conduction |
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Convection |
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Expansion |
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Radiation |
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Rotation |
The drinks company are trying to understand more about conduction.
solids | metals | gases |
hotter | cooler | liquids |
plastics | paper | wood |
Convection currents occur within fluids. The drinks company is trying to understand how a convection current could occur in a hot drink if heated from below.
The hotter part of the fluid becomes less dense than the surrounding fluid. |
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The hot fluid rises, and the cooler (surrounding) fluid moves in to take its place. |
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The heated molecules gain kinetic energy and push each other apart, making the fluid expand. |
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The hot fluid cools, contracts and sinks back down again. |
[4]
The drinks company are looking into reducing the thermal radiation emitted from their cups.
All bodies, no matter what temperature, emit a spectrum of thermal radiation |
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The cooler the object the more infrared radiation it emits in a given time |
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Thermal radiation requires matter to propagate |
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The higher the temperature of an object the greater the thermal motion of its atoms |
[2]
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