Using conservation of charge, determine which of the following is the correct quark composition of a proton?
sss
uud
ddd
uds
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Syllabus Edition
First teaching 2014
Last exams 2024
Using conservation of charge, determine which of the following is the correct quark composition of a proton?
sss
uud
ddd
uds
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Which of the following particles has a baryon number of zero?
antineutron
neutron
kaon
proton
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Beta-minus decay can be represented in terms of fundamental particles
What type of particle is particle X?
quark
photon
lepton
hadron
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Which of the following is a meson?
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Which of the following was not an observation made by the Rutherford-Geiger-Marsden experiment?
Most of the α-particles went straight through the foil
Some α-particles deflected through small angles of less than 10°
Only a small number of α-particles deflected straight back at angles greater than 90°
The gold foil emits alpha particles
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Which of the following is a correct statement about Feynman diagrams?
The vertical axis represents time
Gauge bosons are represented by a wavy/dashed line, or a helix
Only three particles may go into or out of a vertex
Particle lines can cross over
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Which of the following is not conserved during weak interactions?
Baryon number
Lepton number
Strangeness
Charge
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The Feynman diagram shows a particle interaction involving a W+ boson.
Which two particles are the products of the interaction?
Q and S
P and Q
P and S
R and S
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The standard model classifies particles into hadrons, leptons, mesons and baryons. The diagram below shows some examples of these types of particles.
Which row shows the correct position of each type of particle in the diagram?
Hadrons |
Baryons |
Leptons |
Mesons |
|
A |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
B |
2 |
4 |
1 |
3 |
C |
4 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
D |
3 |
1 |
4 |
2 |
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Which answer is not a feature of the strong nuclear force?
The strong nuclear force is repulsive at nucleon separations closer than around 0.5 fm
The strong nuclear force is attractive up to around 3.0 fm
The strong nuclear force has an infinite range
The strong nuclear force reaches a maximum attractive value at around 1.0 fm
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The decay of a baryon is given by the equation
Which row, A to D in the table, correctly identifies the charge, baryon number and lepton number of particle X?
|
Charge |
Baryon number |
Lepton number |
A. |
–1 |
0 |
0 |
B. |
0 |
0 |
0 |
C. |
1 |
1 |
0 |
D. |
0 |
–1 |
1 |
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Which row in the table gives the correct quark combination for the particle?
|
particle |
category |
quark combination |
A. | proton | baryon | |
B. | positive pion | meson | |
C. | neutron | meson | |
D. | negative pion | meson |
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This Feynman diagram shows particles interacting via a W– boson.
Which of the following particle choices are correct?
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
A. |
proton |
neutron |
electron neutrino |
β– particle |
B. |
neutron |
proton |
electron neutrino |
β– particle |
C. |
up quark |
down quark |
β– particle |
anti–electron neutrino |
D. |
down quark |
up quark |
anti–electron neutrino |
β– particle |
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The decay of a neutral kaon is given by the equation
What must particles X and Y be?
and
and
and
and
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A pion can decay to produce two leptons.
Which of the following reactions is possible?
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This Feynman diagram shows particles interacting leading to the production of a β+ particle.
Which of the following particle choices are correct?
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
A. |
proton |
neutrino |
W+ boson |
neutron |
B. |
up quark |
antineutrino |
W+ boson |
down quark |
C. |
proton |
neutrino |
W- boson |
neutron |
D. |
up quark |
antineutrino |
W- boson |
down quark |
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Which row in the table, A to D, includes a valid particle for every column?
|
Stable |
Interacts via weak force |
Interacts via electromagnetic force |
Interacts via strong force |
A. |
antiproton |
muon |
proton |
neutrino |
B. |
proton |
electron |
muon |
neutron |
C. |
electron |
proton |
neutron |
proton |
D. |
kaon |
neutron |
electron |
pion |
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The following Feynman diagram shows the baryons and leptons in a nuclear decay.
Which of the four Feynman diagrams, A to D, is physically equivalent to the diagram given for this decay?
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In the Geiger–Marsden experiment, alpha particles are used to investigate scattering by gold atoms.
What do the results of the experiment provide evidence for?
charge is distributed evenly throughout an atom
the nucleus is comprised of protons and neutrons
alpha particles have discrete amounts of kinetic energy
most of the mass and all of the positive charge of an atom is contained in a small volume
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Which of the following statements correctly describes why quarks were first hypothesised?
To account for patterns in properties of elementary particles
To describe nuclear emission and absorption spectra
To account for the missing energy and momentum in beta decay
To explain the existence of isotopes
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The diagram is an example of a ‘baryon decuplet’. Baryons are organised along horizontal and diagonal axes, as shown in the diagram below.
What is the quark structure of the bayron?
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A collision between particles creates 4 mesons:
The overall charge and strangeness of the 4 mesons is zero.
What are possible quark combinations for X and Y?
|
X |
Y |
A |
||
B |
||
C |
||
D |
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The baryon has strangeness of −1 and is produced through the strong interaction between a meson and a neutron.
What is the quark composition of particle X?
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Particles can be organised in a plot known as the ‘eightfold way’, as shown in the diagram below.
What are the quark compositions of Σ+, Σ–, Ξ0 and Ξ–?
Σ+ |
Σ– |
Ξ0 |
Ξ– |
|
A |
||||
B |
||||
C |
||||
D |
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The K– is an example of a meson with strangeness –1.
Which of the following combinations of particles could the K– particle decay to?
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Which of the four hadrons shown could be Ξ0?
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None of the following decay equations for baryons are permitted.
Equation 1:
Equation 2:
Equation 3:
Equation 4:
Which property is not conserved in each equation?
Equation 1 |
Equation 2 |
Equation 3 |
Equation 4 |
|
A |
charge |
baryon number |
charge and lepton number |
baryon number |
B |
lepton number |
baryon number |
charge and lepton number |
charge and lepton number |
C |
baryon number |
lepton number |
baryon number |
lepton number and baryon number |
D |
lepton number |
charge |
charge |
charge |
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The charmed sigma particle, decays through the following equation:
Both and contain one charm quark and have strangeness of 0.
Which of the following could be the quark structure of the and the ?
|
|
|
A |
||
B |
||
C |
||
D |
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The following Feynman diagram shows the baryons and leptons in a nuclear decay
Which of the four Feynman diagrams, A to D, is physically equivalent to the diagram given for this decay?
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The Higgs Boson was discovered at CERN in 2012. It is not stable and decays into other particles.
Which of the following could not be a possible decay pathway for the Higgs Boson?
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