Practice Paper 2 (DP IB Physics: HL)

A transformer inside the charger of a household appliance has a primary coil at 230 V and a secondary coil at 80 V. The number of turns in the primary coil is 1650. 

The appliance has an output power of 30 W.

A space rocket is moving with constant velocity. The engines of the space rocket are turned on and it accelerates by burning fuel and ejecting gases.

A rocket is travelling at constant velocity in space after exiting the Earth’s atmosphere. The engines are turned off, and a module separates from the rocket.

The module has a mass of 6 000 kg and is ejected at 10 km s^–1. The combined mass of the rocket and the module is 81 000 kg and the remaining part of the rocket after the explosion travels at 4500 m s^–1 after the module has been ejected.

Inside the rocket, some walls are padded to reduce damage to its interior when it is accelerated into space.

Superposition occurs when two or more waves interfere with each other.

   (ii)      Sketch a diagram to support your answer to part (i).

[2]

Superposition is often demonstrated using water waves which are transverse and clearly show increases and decreases in amplitude.

Two microwave transmitters are placed 15 cm apart and connected to the same source. A receiver is placed 70 cm away and moved along a line parallel to the transmitters. The receiver detects and alternating pattern of maxima and minima.

One transmitter is removed and a metal grille is placed between the transmitter and the receiver. The grille is rotated through 180^o and back round again. The signal at the receiver is heard to rise and fall as the grill rotates.

                                               [2]

         (ii)         Sketch a graph to show the pattern of rising and falling signal.

                                                [2]

Monochromatic light is incident on a double-slit diffraction grating. After passing through the slits the light is brought to a focus on a screen. The intensity distribution of the light on the screen is shown in the diagram below. 

The double-slit diffraction grating is now changed to a grating with many narrower slits, the same widths as the slits above. 

The wavelength of the monochromatic light incident on the diffraction grating is 550 nm. The slit spacing of the diffraction grating is 1.34 × 10⁻⁶ m.

Two sources of light now replace the light incident on the diffraction grating. One is the same as the wavelength of the previous source and the other has a slightly longer wavelength. 

An electron beam of energy 1.3 × 10⁻¹⁰ J is used to study the nuclear radius of beryllium-9. The beam is directed from the left at a thin sample of beryllium-9. A detector is placed at an angle θ relative to the direction of the incident beam.

The radius of a beryllium-9 nucleus is 2.9 × 10⁻¹⁵ m. The beryllium-9 nuclei behave like a diffraction grating. 

The isotope beryllium-10 is formed when a nucleus of deuterium collides with a nucleus of beryllium-9 . The radius of a deuterium nucleus is 1.5 fm.

[1]

The nucleus of beryllium-9 is replaced by a nucleus of gold-197.

A capacitor consists of two parallel square pieces of aluminium separated by a vacuum 1.5 mm apart. The capacitance of the capacitor is 2.9 nF

A sheet of plastic film is placed between the foil which has ε = 5ε₀.

It begins to conduct when the electric field strength in it exceeds 4.3 MN C^-1.

(b)       

[3]

[1]

A satellite is in a circular orbit around a planet of mass M.

         r =

Because of friction with the upper atmosphere, the satellite slowly moves into another circular orbit with a smaller radius before.

Titus and Enceladus are two of Saturn’s moons. Data about these moons are given in the table.

Moon	Orbit radius / m	Angular speed / rad s-1
Titan	1.22 109
Enceladus	2.38  108	5.31 10-5