A spherical ball bearing of radius 4 mm is fired onto a vertical surface made of soft clay and is embedded to a depth of 2.3 mm. The shape of the ball bearing is not distorted by the impact.
A spherical cap is a portion of a sphere cut off with a plane, as can be seen in the diagram below.
The volume of a spherical cap can be calculated using the following formula:Â
where  is the radius of the sphere and  is the height of the spherical cap.
Calculate the volume of soft clay that is displaced by the ball bearing.