Outliers (DP IB Maths: AI HL)

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Dan

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Dan

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Outliers

What are outliers?

  • Outliers are extreme data values that do not fit with the rest of the data
    • They are either a lot bigger or a lot smaller than the rest of the data
  • Outliers are defined as values that are more than 1.5 × IQR from the nearest quartile
    • x is an outlier if x < Q1 - 1.5 × IQR or x > Q3 + 1.5 × IQR
  • Outliers can have a big effect on some statistical measures

Should I remove outliers?

  • The decision to remove outliers will depend on the context
  • Outliers should be removed if they are found to be errors
    • The data may have been recorded incorrectly
    • For example: The number 17 may have been recorded as 71 by mistake
  • Outliers should not be removed if they are a valid part of the sample
    • The data may need to be checked to verify that it is not an error
    • For example: The annual salaries of employees of a business might appear to have an outlier but this could be the director’s salary

Worked example

The ages, in years, of a number of children attending a birthday party are given below.

2,   7,   5,   4,   8,   4,   6,   5,   5,   29,   2,   5,   13

a)
Identify any outliers within the data set.

4-1-5-ib-ai-aa-sl-outliers-a-we-solution

b)
Suggest which value(s) should be removed. Justify your answer.

4-1-5-ib-ai-aa-sl-outliers-b-we-solution

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Dan

Author: Dan

Expertise: Maths

Dan graduated from the University of Oxford with a First class degree in mathematics. As well as teaching maths for over 8 years, Dan has marked a range of exams for Edexcel, tutored students and taught A Level Accounting. Dan has a keen interest in statistics and probability and their real-life applications.