Poliitical & Cultural Influences on International Sport Participation (DP IB Geography)
Revision Note
International Agreements
Governments are encouraging people to increase their sporting activity for several reasons including
Health benefits
Politicians are often keen to be linked to success in sporting activities because they create a ‘feel good factor’
To boost their economies
It is difficult to identify clear economic benefits from hosting international sporting events
The London 2012 Olympic Games were estimated to bring £13.3 billion to the UK economy
Some sports participation is short-term term such as an increase in lawn tennis around the time of Wimbledon
Qatar is a country that is trying to increase sports participation:
In 2010 awarded the 2022 Fifa World Cup
In 2011 Qatar sponsored Barcelona football club for 5 years which was worth $150 million
Became a major shareholder of Paris St Germain
Tour de France secured sponsorship from Qatar Airlines
Unfortunately, sports continue to be tainted by match-fixing and drug scandals
Match fixing has been identified in over 20 countries in Europe
The International Betting Integrity Association (IBIA) says football and tennis accounted for over half of suspicious sporting incidents in the third quarter of 2023
In football 16 players were charged for alleged match-fixing in 13 games, including eight in the top flight in Brazil
International agreements
Participation in international sports is used by countries to demonstrate a country’s successes
Sport may also be used as a tool for diplomacy
Cooperation between countries can be increased through sporting events
International sporting events increase freedom of movement between countries
Inclusion & Changing Gender Roles
Inclusion in sports is used to refer to the involvement in sports of people who were not traditionally involved in those sports for example women’s football
In England, women’s football was popular in the late 1800s and early 1900s
In 1921, it was banned by the Football Association (FA) on pitches that were part of the FA
The ban was not lifted until 1971
The current global labour force participation rate for women is just under 47%
In many countries such as the USA, nearly all women work
Single professional women have more disposable income to be able to participate in more leisure activities
Single women also are more likely to actively participate in sport compared to married women
Religion may also impact the participation of different genders in sport
The religion of Islam promotes good health and well-being for both men and women
Muslim women may face difficulties because they cannot participate in mixed-gender sports
In a 2022 UK survey, 97% of Muslim women in England wanted to increase their current sports participation
Over 80% of respondents said they would attend women-only sessions if available
In Saudi Arabia, women’s participation in sports is changing:
The weekly activity of female Saudi citizens increased from 8 percent in 2015 to 19 percent in 2019
From 2018 families were allowed to enter stadiums
In 2019, 21 female athletes competed in the Special Olympics World Games in Abu Dhabi in 2019
Women now compete in the World Bowling Women’s Championship
More than 2,400 female athletes were registered in federations by the end of 2019
Other barriers to sports for women include:
Dress code
Parental approval
Childcare
Lack of role models
Time
Although there have been some improvements there is still a gap between the pay for men and that received by women in sport
The average man’s salary in the Premier League in England is £3,000,000
The average woman’s salary in the Super League in England is £47,000
Importance of the Paralympics
The Paralympic Games is an international competition for athletes who have disabilities
The games take place immediately after the Olympics
The first official Paralympics took place in 1960
It developed from an event held for British World War Two veterans
Since 1988, the Olympic and Paralympic Games have been held in the same city and at the same venues
Originally the Paralympic Games were just for wheelchair users but in 1976 expanded to include other disabilities
In 2016 there were over 4,300 participants representing 159 nations
Athletes from HICs are more likely to participate as a result of the cost associated with competing
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