Syllabus Edition

First teaching 2024

First exams 2026

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Assessing Conservation Success (HL) (DP IB Environmental Systems & Societies (ESS))

Revision Note

Assessing Conservation Success

  • Assessing the success of conservation or regeneration efforts ensures that the strategies used are effectively protecting biodiversity and achieving their goals

  • Conservation measures must be regularly evaluated to determine their impact on the environment and local communities

  • Success can be measured at different levels, including:

    • How well the project achieves its goals

    • Its acceptance by local communities

    • Whether it was the most effective method for conserving nature

Evaluating claims of conservation success

  • Conservation efforts are often claimed to protect biodiversity and restore ecosystems

  • These claims must be critically assessed

    • For example, some projects may have positive environmental impacts but could harm local communities by limiting their access to natural resources

    • Other projects might benefit both the environment and communities, creating a balance between biodiversity conservation and human well-being

Three levels of evaluating conservation success

  1. Did the measures succeed as planned?

    • This level assesses whether the specific goals of the conservation project were achieved

    • Did the project meet its targets, such as increasing species population, improving habitat quality, or restoring ecosystems?

    • For example, replanting forests may be a goal, but was the reforestation successful in creating a sustainable habitat for wildlife?

  2. Was the project well-received by the impacted communities?

    • This level assesses how local people perceive and are affected by the project

    • Were local communities involved in decision-making?

    • Did they benefit economically, socially, or culturally from the project?

    • Projects that involve community participation and provide benefits like employment or improved ecosystem services are more likely to be sustainable

  3. Was this the best way to conserve nature?

    • This level assesses whether the chosen conservation strategy was the most effective approach

    • Could other methods have been more successful or less damaging to local people or the environment?

    • Evaluating alternative methods ensures that future conservation projects can learn from past successes or failures

Case Study

Wangari Maathai’s Green Belt Movement in Kenya

  • The Green Belt Movement, founded by Wangari Maathai in 1977, is an environmental organisation based in Kenya

  • Its primary goal is to combat deforestation, restore degraded landscapes, and promote sustainable development

  1. Did the measures succeed as planned?

    • The Green Belt Movement has helped to combat deforestation, restore degraded land, and improve environmental awareness

    • It has been successful in planting millions of trees, reducing soil erosion, and improving water availability

    • The movement has helped restore forest cover and biodiversity in many parts of Kenya

  2. Was the project well-received by the communities?

    • Local communities, particularly women, were empowered through the project

      • It provided them with training, income, and a sense of ownership over their environment

    • The project promoted grassroots participation, with community members actively involved in tree planting and environmental protection.

    • Although there were challenges, including opposition from political leaders at times, overall, the project was widely supported by local communities

  3. Was this the best way to conserve nature?

    • The project’s approach of engaging local communities in tree planting and environmental education was highly effective in conserving nature and promoting sustainable land use

    • Alternative methods, like large-scale industrial reforestation, might not have provided the same social benefits or been as cost-effective

    • The Green Belt Movement’s emphasis on community-driven conservation was key to its long-term success

Other examples of conservation success

  • Willie Smits’ Rainforest Restoration in Kalimantan and Sulawesi:

    • This project focused on reforestation and creating sustainable livelihoods for local communities by using agroforestry techniques

  • Steve Elliot and FORRU-CMU’s Forest Restoration in Southeast Asia:

    • This project worked on restoring degraded tropical forests, with an emphasis on research and community engagement

Examiner Tip

Remember to consider how the local community is involved in conservation projects, as this can be an important point in both the success and sustainability of the efforts.

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Alistair Marjot

Author: Alistair Marjot

Expertise: Biology & Environmental Systems and Societies

Alistair graduated from Oxford University with a degree in Biological Sciences. He has taught GCSE/IGCSE Biology, as well as Biology and Environmental Systems & Societies for the International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme. While teaching in Oxford, Alistair completed his MA Education as Head of Department for Environmental Systems & Societies. Alistair has continued to pursue his interests in ecology and environmental science, recently gaining an MSc in Wildlife Biology & Conservation with Edinburgh Napier University.

Bridgette Barrett

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After graduating with a degree in Geography, Bridgette completed a PGCE over 25 years ago. She later gained an MA Learning, Technology and Education from the University of Nottingham focussing on online learning. At a time when the study of geography has never been more important, Bridgette is passionate about creating content which supports students in achieving their potential in geography and builds their confidence.