List three primary pollutants from the combustion of fossil fuels.
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List three primary pollutants from the combustion of fossil fuels.
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Complete the following sentence:
Tropospheric ozone is an example of a secondary pollutant, formed when oxygen molecules react with oxygen atoms that are released from __________ dioxide in the presence of __________.
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Thermal Inversions can contribute to the formation and persistence of smog in urban areas.
Explain what a thermal inversion is, in this context.
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Briefly outline how catalytic converters can reduce urban air pollution.
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Explain the processes through which the combustion of fossil fuels contributes to the formation of photochemical smog.
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Outline four effects of tropospheric ozone and smog.
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The graph below shows global tropospheric ozone levels between 1988 and 2023.
Suggest possible reasons for the overall trends in global tropospheric ozone levels shown by the graph.
Use the figure in part (a) to calculate the average annual decrease in tropospheric ozone concentration (in parts per billion) between 1991 and 2010. Show your working.
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List four possible air pollution management strategies that can be used to reduce tropospheric ozone and photochemical smog.
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Explain how changes in the concentration of tropospheric ozone in the atmosphere might affect global biodiversity.
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Evaluate pollution management strategies for reducing photochemical smog.
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