Introduction to Water Systems (DP IB Environmental Systems & Societies (ESS): SL)

Exam Questions

39 mins10 questions
11 mark

State the primary force driving the hydrological cycle.

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23 marks

Complete the following sentences using the three figures provided below:

Freshwater makes up approximately __________ of the Earth’s water storages. The remaining water is saline.

Of this freshwater, approximately __________ is stored in the ground as groundwater. Most of the remaining water is locked up in the planet's glaciers and polar ice caps.

Of the remaining accessible, liquid surface freshwater, approximately __________ is found in the planet's rivers.

Figures:

1%

3%

30%

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3a2 marks

Outline what is meant by the term surface run-off.

3b2 marks

Explain how surface run-off is generally affected by agriculture.

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41 mark

Define aquifer.

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1a3 marks

List three stores in the hydrological cycle.

1b4 marks

Identify and describe two flows within the hydrological cycle.

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22 marks

Outline what is meant by the term thermohaline circulation.

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3a3 marks

The figure below shows the hydrological cycle.

fig-1-1bio-2f-june19-qp-gcse-bio

i)

State the name of process G and process H.

[2]

ii)

What causes the water vapour to condense and form clouds?

[1]

3b
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2 marks

The data in the table below shows the relative volumes of water transferred through each part of the water cycle annually.

Process

Quantity of water transported in 1 000 km3 yr-1

Evaporation

423

Transpiration

153

Precipitation

515

Percolation

72

Calculate the percentage of the total water transferred that falls through precipitation.

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42 marks

Briefly describe how urbanisation causes the reduction of two storage components in the hydrological cycle.

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17 marks

Explain the processes of energy transfer occurring within the oceans.

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27 marks

Explain the concept of dynamic equilibrium in relation to the hydrological cycle.

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