11 mark
State the primary force driving the hydrological cycle.
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Introduction to Water Systems (DP IB Environmental Systems & Societies (ESS): SL)
Exam Questions
39 mins10 questions23 marks
Complete the following sentences using the three figures provided below:
Freshwater makes up approximately __________ of the Earth’s water storages. The remaining water is saline.
Of this freshwater, approximately __________ is stored in the ground as groundwater. Most of the remaining water is locked up in the planet's glaciers and polar ice caps.
Of the remaining accessible, liquid surface freshwater, approximately __________ is found in the planet's rivers.
Figures:
1%
3%
30%
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3a2 marks
Outline what is meant by the term surface run-off.
3b2 marks
Explain how surface run-off is generally affected by agriculture.
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41 mark
Define aquifer.
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1a3 marks
List three stores in the hydrological cycle.
1b4 marks
Identify and describe two flows within the hydrological cycle.
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22 marks
Outline what is meant by the term thermohaline circulation.
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3a3 marks
The figure below shows the hydrological cycle.
i)
State the name of process G and process H.
[2]
ii)
What causes the water vapour to condense and form clouds?
[1]
3b
2 marks
2 marksThe data in the table below shows the relative volumes of water transferred through each part of the water cycle annually.
Process | Quantity of water transported in 1 000 km3 yr-1 |
Evaporation | 423 |
Transpiration | 153 |
Precipitation | 515 |
Percolation | 72 |
Calculate the percentage of the total water transferred that falls through precipitation.
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42 marks
Briefly describe how urbanisation causes the reduction of two storage components in the hydrological cycle.
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17 marks
Explain the processes of energy transfer occurring within the oceans.
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27 marks
Explain the concept of dynamic equilibrium in relation to the hydrological cycle.
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