Shifts of the Long-Run Aggregate Supply (LRAS) (DP IB Economics)

Revision Note

Steve Vorster

Written by: Steve Vorster

Reviewed by: Jenna Quinn

Factors that Shift the LRAS

  • Classical economists believe that the long-run aggregate supply (LRAS) can increase in the long-run

  • Keynesian economists believe that aggregate supply can increase in the long-term
      

  • The following factors will shift the entire Classical LRAS curve, or the Keynesian AS curve outwards, thus increasing the potential output of the economy. This corresponds to an outward or inward shift on the production possibilities curve for an economy

  1. Changes in the quality or quantity of the factors of production: Any factor that increases the quantity or quality of a factor of production will increase the productive potential of an economy e.g. improving the skills of workers or changing the migration policies so that there is an increase the quantity of labour

  2. Technological advances: these often improve the quality of the factors of production e.g. development of metal alloys

  3. Efficiency improvements: process innovation often results in productivity improvement e.g. moving from labour intensive car production to automated car production

  4. Changes in institutions: increasing financial institutions can result in more access to finance and help to increase the potential supply. Creating and implementing new legislation (laws) can make it easier for new firms to enter markets thus increasing supply e.g. implementation of competition policy

Examiner Tips and Tricks

You will frequently be examined on your understanding of factors that shift the short-run aggregate supply (SRAS) curve and long-run aggregate supply (LRAS) curve.

Make sure you know the difference and remember that LRAS factors will shift the entire LRAS curve to the right, representing an increase in the potential output of the economy. Changes to SRAS do not change the potential output of the economy.

Diagrammatic Illustration of Long-run Shifts

1. Changes to LRAS in the Classical Model

  • Changes to any of the determinants of LRAS will change the long-run productive potential of the economy

e7gx3Fto_2-4-3---changes-to--lras---classical

The Classical view of an increase in the long-run aggregate supply (LRAS) of an economy leading to lower average price levels

 

Diagram Analysis

  • The initial potential output of this economy is seen at YFE

    • The economy is in equilibrium at AP1YFE

  • A change to the education level in the economy can increase the quality of labour and shift the LRAS to the right from LRAS1→LRAS2

    • There is now an increased level of potential output in the economy at YFE1

  • The extra supply in the economy allows prices to fall and output to increase resulting in a new equilibrium at AP2YFE1
     

2. Changes to AS in the Keynesian Model

  • As with the Classical model, changes to any of the determinants of AS will change the long term productive potential of the economy

3-2-4---changes-to-as-in-the-keynesian-model-1

The Keynesian view of an increase in the long-term aggregate supply (LRAS) of an economy 

Diagram Analysis

  • The initial potential output of this economy is seen at YFE

  • A change to the immigration policy can increase the quantity of labour and shift the AS to the right from AS1→AS2

    • There is now an increased level of possible output in the economy YFE1

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Steve Vorster

Author: Steve Vorster

Expertise: Economics & Business Subject Lead

Steve has taught A Level, GCSE, IGCSE Business and Economics - as well as IBDP Economics and Business Management. He is an IBDP Examiner and IGCSE textbook author. His students regularly achieve 90-100% in their final exams. Steve has been the Assistant Head of Sixth Form for a school in Devon, and Head of Economics at the world's largest International school in Singapore. He loves to create resources which speed up student learning and are easily accessible by all.

Jenna Quinn

Author: Jenna Quinn

Expertise: Head of New Subjects

Jenna studied at Cardiff University before training to become a science teacher at the University of Bath specialising in Biology (although she loves teaching all three sciences at GCSE level!). Teaching is her passion, and with 10 years experience teaching across a wide range of specifications – from GCSE and A Level Biology in the UK to IGCSE and IB Biology internationally – she knows what is required to pass those Biology exams.