Text D, Paragraph 1
Japan has hosted a series of conferences aimed at promoting environmental and economic policies for future prosperity. The discussions have brought together various stakeholders to share insights on achieving sustainable development.
State two reasons why sustainable development is important, as found in (Text D, Paragraph 1).
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Text B, Paragraph 2
Many Scandinavian countries have made substantial investments in policies that aim to improve environmental sustainability and reduce environmental degradation. These efforts are being monitored by international agencies.
Define the term environmental sustainability as indicated in (Text B, Paragraph 2).
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Text C, Paragraph 2
The South African government has been holding forums to explore ways of improving fairness in economic participation. These forums are part of a broader initiative aimed at promoting social equity.
Define the term social equity as indicated in bold (Text C, Paragraph 2).
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Text D, Paragraph 2
Morocco continues to invest in large-scale projects that promote alternative energy sources. These initiatives form a central part of the country’s long-term strategy for reducing reliance on non-renewable resources and using more renewable energy resources.
Define the term renewable energy as indicated in bold (Text D, Paragraph 2).
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Text E, Paragraph 2
Research groups in the Caribbean are investigating the socio-economic impacts of changing weather patterns through climate change, particularly how vulnerable populations are affected. These findings are expected to inform future policy decisions.
State two ways in which climate change impacts poverty, as found in (Text E, Paragraph 2).
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Text B, Paragraph 3
Countries such as Kenya have focused on understanding the relationship between long-term development and social issues. Various agencies have been working together to draft comprehensive policy documents that address concerns over poverty and sustainability.
Outline one link between poverty and sustainability, as found in bold (Text B, Paragraph 3).
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Text C, Paragraph 3
Governments in North Africa have been working with international partners to address issues related to desertification. To lessen the difficulties brought on by shifting environmental conditions, a number of initiatives have been started.
Define the term desertification as indicated in bold (Text C, Paragraph 3).
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Extract D, Paragraph 3
The government of Botswana has announced a comprehensive national development strategy aligned with international frameworks. The plan addresses economic growth, social inclusion, and environmental protection. Officials emphasise the need to balance current needs with long-term sustainability objectives.
Explain the difference between economic development and sustainable development
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Extract C, Paragraph 2
Cambodia's development strategy emphasises measuring progress beyond traditional economic indicators. New frameworks assess environmental sustainability, social inclusion, and institutional effectiveness. The government aims to track advancement towards multiple development objectives simultaneously.
Explain two ways the Sustainable Development Goals framework helps measure development progress.
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Extract B, Paragraph 3
The Amazon region faces increasing pressure as local communities seek economic opportunities. While deforestation provides immediate income through expanded farming, it threatens long-term ecosystem stability. Development agencies note that environmental degradation particularly affects the poorest communities that depend on forest resources.
Explain how poverty and sustainability are related.
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Extract A, Paragraph 2
Rwanda's development strategy promotes eco-tourism and sustainable agriculture initiatives. These programs aim to generate income while preserving natural resources. Local communities are being trained in conservation-based livelihoods, moving away from practices that damage ecosystems.
Explain how environmental sustainability and poverty reduction can be complementary goals.
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Extract B, Paragraph 2
Ethiopia's government has launched a comprehensive development plan integrating environmental, social, and economic objectives. The strategy emphasises sustainable agricultural practices while providing education and healthcare access. Officials note that addressing poverty requires considering multiple interconnected factors.
Explain how sustainable development can provide a pathway out of poverty.
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