Which gas is present in the largest proportion in the exhaust fumes of a car engine?
carbon monoxide
carbon dioxide
water vapour
nitrogen
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Syllabus Edition
First teaching 2014
Last exams 2024
Which gas is present in the largest proportion in the exhaust fumes of a car engine?
carbon monoxide
carbon dioxide
water vapour
nitrogen
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Oxides of nitrogen are released into the atmosphere in car engine exhaust fumes.
Which environmental problem below is not made worse by these exhaust fumes?
photochemical smog
the hole in the ozone layer
the corrosion of buildings
acidification of lakes
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Which of the following is true?
Acid rain is caused by carbonic acid
Acid rain turns universal indicator red
Wet acid deposition includes snow and fog
Catalytic converters remove oxides of sulfur from car exhausts
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What is the colour of universal indicator paper in rain water?
Red
Blue
Yellow
Green
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A sample of acid rain water is tested and found to be pH 4. How does its hydrogen ion concentration compare to pure water?
1000 times more concentrated
3 times more concentrated
1000 times less concentrated
3 times less concentrated
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What happens to the oxidation state of sulfur when it becomes sulfuric acid in acid rain?
It changes from 0 to -2
It changes from 0 to +4
It changes from 0 to +6
It changes from -2 to +6
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One equation for the formation of acid rain from nitrogen dioxide is shown below.
2NO2 (g) + H2O (l) → HNO2 (aq) + HNO3 (aq)
What type of reaction is this?
Oxidation
Reduction
Redox
Acid-base
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Which of the following are used in catalytic converters?
I and II only
I and III only
II and III only
I, II and III
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A sample of rainwater is tested and found to be pH 6. Which of the following is not true?
The sample is acidic
The rainwater is acid rain
Blue litmus would turn red in the sample
The rain water is impure
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Iron structures can be damaged by dry deposition such as the equation below:
Fe (s) + SO2 (g) + O2 (g) → FeSO4 (s)
Which is true?
I and II only
I and III only
II and III only
I, II and III
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The pH of clean rain water is around 5.5. Which substance is responsible for this?
Methane
Carbon dioxide
Nitrogen oxides
Sulfur dioxide
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Which statement is not true about the increasing levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide?
CO2 (g) + H2O (l) ⇌ H+ (aq) + HCO3- (aq)
HCO3- (aq) ⇌ H+ (aq) + CO32- (aq)
The concentration of HCO3- increases in water bodies
The concentration of H+ increases in water bodies
The pH of lakes and oceans falls as the CO2 levels increase
The increasing concentration of CO32- enables marine organisms to build thicker shells
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What is a major acid responsible for acid rain and originates from car engines?
H2SO4
HNO3
SO2
NO2
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What are three consequences of acid rain?
I and II only
I and III only
II and III only
I, II and III
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Some coal contains as much as 3% sulfur. How much sulfur dioxide (M = 64.07 g mol-1) is produced by burning a lump of coal of mass 125 g? (Ar S = 32.07)
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Which are true about the effect of acid deposition on plants?
I and II only
I and III only
II and III only
I, II and III
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Which are true about the effect of acid deposition on human health?
I and II only
I and III only
II and III only
I, II and III
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The conversion of toxic emissions into harmless products takes place in catalytic converters as follows:
_CO (g) + _NO (g) → _CO2 (aq) + _N2 (g)
The sum of the coefficients is
4
5
6
7
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Which can be used to reduce NOx emissions ?
I and II only
I and III only
II and III only
I, II and III
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Iron structures can be damaged by dry deposition such as the equation below:
Fe (s) + SO2 (g) + O2 (g) → FeSO4 (s)
Which is true?
I and II only
I and III only
II and III only
I, II and III
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Acid rain can be up to 50 times more acidic than normal rain, which has a pH around 5.5. What is the approximate concentration of H+ in acid rain?
2.50 10-3 mol dm-3
2.50 10-4 mol dm-3
2.50 10-5 mol dm-3
50.0 10-4 mol dm-3
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Natural gas contains on average 5.5 mg / m3 of sulfur in the form of hydrogen sulfide, H2S (Mr = 34). If a typical household in the UK consumes 0.198 m3 of gas per day, what is the average annual emission of sulfur in g per household?
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Nitrous acid is produced when nitrogen dioxide dissolves in water to produce acid rain. What is the correct Lewis structure for nitrous acid?
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Hydroxyl free radicals are thought to be involved in complex reactions converting sulfur dioxide into sulfur trioxide in the atmosphere.
OH• + SO2 → •HOSO2
•HOSO2 + O2 → •HO2 + SO3
Which is true?
OH• is catalytic
•HOSO2 contains 24 electrons
Both reactions are redox
The first reaction is exothermic
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Iron structures can be damaged by dry deposition such as the equation below:
Fe (s) + SO2 (g) + O2 (g) → FeSO4 (s)
Given that,
ΔHf Ө (SO2) = -297 kJ mol-1
ΔHfӨ (FeSO4)= -929 kJ mol-1
What is the enthalpy change for this reaction?
-297 - 929
297 + 929
-297 + 929
297 - 929
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Acid deposition results in leaching of aluminium ions from the soil. Which are true?
I and II only
I and III only
II and III only
I, II and III
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The equilibrium constants for the dissociation of nitrous and sulphurous acid found in acid rain are as follows:
HNO2 (aq) ⇌ H+ (aq) + NO2- (aq) Kc1 = 7.2 10-4 mol dm-3
H2SO3 (aq) ⇌ H+ (aq) + HSO3- (aq) Kc2 = 1.3 10-2 mol dm-3
Which is true?
|
Stronger acid |
Effect on Kc of mixing the same volume and concentration the acids |
A |
Nitrous |
No effect |
B |
Sulfurous |
No effect |
C |
Nitrous |
Kc2 decreases |
D |
Sulfurous |
Kc1 decreases |
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How many different types of ions can be found in acid rain, assuming it contains a mixture of sulfuric, sulfurous, nitric and nitrous acids?
4
5
6
7
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Historic buildings and statues have frequently suffered chemical corrosion from acid rain. Which building materials would be unaffected by this?
Marble
Limestone
Granite
Lime Mortar
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Which is true about the hydrogensulfate ion, HSO4-, found in acid rain?
I and II only
I and III only
II and III only
I, II and III
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