Functional Group Chemistry (DP IB Chemistry: HL)

Xylitol is an artificial sweetener used in toothpastes and chewing gum to improve their taste without impairing dental hygiene.

Which functional groups could be produced if Xylitol is oxidised under suitable conditions?

Isomers X and Y both react with HBr.

 A mixture of X and Y is reacted with HBr.

Which three structures represent three different possible products of this reaction?

In the presence of ultraviolet light, ethane and chlorine react to give a mixture of products.

Which compound could be present in the mixture of products?

Dichlorodifluoromethane, CCl₂F₂, has been used in aerosol propellants and as a refrigerant.

Which statement helps to explain why dichlorodifluoromethane is chemically inert?

In the hydrolysis of bromoethane by aqueous sodium hydroxide, what is the nature of the attacking group and of the leaving group?

Which volume of oxygen measured at room temperature and pressure is needed for complete combustion of 0.1 mol of propane? (Molar volume = 24dm³ at rtp)

2.30 g of ethanol were mixed with aqueous acidified potassium dichromate(VI) and the desired organic product was collected by immediate distillation under gentle warming. The yield of the product was 50.0%. ( RAMs C= 12, H=1, O=16)

What mass of product was collected?

Which alcohol gives only one possible oxidation product when warmed with dilute acidified potassium dichromate(VI)?

Hydroxyethanal has the structural formula HOCH₂CHO.

In an experiment hydroxyethanal is heated under reflux with an excess of acidified potassium dichromate(VI) until no further oxidation takes place.

What is the skeletal formula of the organic product formed in the experiment?

The diagram shows the structure of ethanedioic acid.

Ethanedioic acid reacts with ethanol in the presence of a few drops of concentrated sulfuric acid to form a diester. The molecular formula of the diester is C₆H₁₀O₄.

What is the structural formula of the diester?

Compound Q has the formula CH₃CH₂CO₂CH₃

What is the name of compound Q and how does its boiling point compare with that of butanoic acid?

How many ester compounds have the molecular formula C₄H₈O₂?

Limonene is an oil formed in the peel of citrus fruits.

Which product is formed when an excess of bromine, Br₂(l), reacts with limonene at room temperature in the dark?

Samples of 10 cm³ of each of the first four members of the alkane series are separately mixed with 70 cm³ of oxygen. Each is then burned and the total volume, V, of residual gas measured again at room temperature and pressure.

Which graph represents the results that would be obtained?

A periodic table is needed for this question

Which compound has an M_r of 84.18 and will react with HBr to give a product with an M_r of 165.09?

An organic compound Y with molecular formula C₅H₁₂O, is oxidised to compound Z with molecular formula C₅H₁₀O₂.

What could be the structural formula of Y?

A periodic table is needed to answer this question

A number of alcohols with the formula C₄H₁₀O are separately oxidised. Using 7.41 g of the alcohols a 50% yield of organic product is achieved.

What mass of product could be obtained?

Which compound is produced in the reaction between pent-2-ene and steam?

When compound T reacts with its own oxidation product, a sweet-smelling liquid is produced.

What is the identity of compound T?

In the presence of an H⁺ catalyst, compound X reacts with ethanoic acid to produce the compound below.

What is the molecular formula of compound X?

Compound K, C₅H₁₂O, is oxidised by acidified sodium dichromate(VI) to compound L.

Compound L reacts with butan-2-ol in the presence of a little concentrated sulfuric acid to give liquid M.

What could be the formula of liquid M?

Shown below is a reaction sequence starting with 1-chlorobutane.

    I                          II                                  III

     C₄H₉Cl      → C₄H₉OH        →        C₃H₇COOH      →     C₃H₇COOC₃H₇

What is the correct classification of the types of reactions shown?