What is an ion?
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What is an ion?
An ion is an electrically charged atom or group of atoms formed by the loss or gain of electrons.
Define an ionic bond.
An ionic bond is the strong electrostatic force of attraction between oppositely charged ions.
How do metals form ions?
Metals form ions by losing electrons from their outer shell.
How do non-metals generally form ions?
Non-metals form ions by gaining electrons, except hydrogen which loses an electron.
What is a cation?
A cation is a positively charged ion formed when an atom (or groups of atoms) loses one or more electrons.
What is an anion?
An anion is a negatively charged ion formed when an atom (or group of atoms) gains one or more electrons.
True or False?
Ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons from a non-metal to a metal.
False.
Ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons from a metal to a non-metal.
How can you use the Periodic Table to determine how many electrons an atom is likely to lose or gain?
You can use the groups on the Periodic Table:
Group 1 atoms lose 1 electron
Group 2 atoms lose 2 electrons
Group 3 atoms lose 3 electrons
Group 6 atoms gains 2 electrons
Group 7 atoms gain 1 electron
Sodium has the electronic configuration, 2.8.1.
Give the charge of the ions it forms.
Sodium will forms ions with a 1+ charge.
Chlorine has the electronic configuration, 2.8.7.
Give the charge of the ions it forms.
Chlorine will forms ions with a 1- charge.
Give the electronic configuration of a magnesium ion, Mg2+.
The electronic configuration of a magnesium ion is 2.8.
Give the electronic configuration of an oxide ion, O2-.
The electronic configuration of an oxide ion is 2.8.
What is a binary ionic compound?
A binary ionic compound is composed of ions of two different elements, and consists of a metal cation and a non-metal anion.
True or False?
Ionic bonds require little energy to overcome.
False.
Ionic bonds require a lot of energy to overcome.
Name the binary ionic compound formed from sodium and iodine.
The binary ionic compound formed from sodium and iodine is sodium iodide.
What is the overall charge of an ionic compound?
The overall charge of an ionic compound is 0; they are electrically neutral.
Define polyatomic ion.
A polyatomic ion is an ion made up of more than one type of atom.
True or False?
All polyatomic ions are negatively charged.
False.
While most polyatomic ions are negatively charged, some, such as the ammonium ion, are positively charged.
What is the charge of the sulfate ion?
The charge of the sulfate ion is 2-.
What is the formula of the hydrogencarbonate ion?
The formula of the hydrogencarbonate ion is HCO3-.
What is the formula of a phosphate ion?
The formula of the phosphate ion is (PO4)3-.
Give the formula of magnesium phosphate.
The formula of magnesium phosphate is Mg3(PO4)2.
Give the formula of ammonium sulfate.
The formula of ammonium sulfate is (NH4)2SO4.
True or False?
Nitrate ions have the formula NO3-.
True.
Nitrate ions have the formula NO3-.
Give the name of the OH- ion.
The name of the OH- ion is the hydroxide ion.
What is an ionic lattice?
An ionic lattice is an evenly distributed crystalline structure where ions are arranged in a regular repeating pattern so that positive charges cancel out negative charges.
What forces hold together an ionic lattice?
Strong electrostatic forces of attraction between the oppositely charged ions hold together an ionic lattice.
Define lattice dissociation enthalpy (ΔHlattꝋ).
Lattice dissociation enthalpy (ΔHlattꝋ) is the standard enthalpy change that occurs on the formation of 1 mole of gaseous ions from the solid lattice.
True or False?
The lattice dissociation enthalpy is always an exothermic process.
False.
The lattice dissociation enthalpy is always an endothermic process as energy is always required to overcome the strong electrostatic forces of attraction.
True or False?
The lattice dissociation enthalpy is always a positive value.
True.
The lattice dissociation enthalpy is always a positive value because it is always an endothermic process.
Why do ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points?
Ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points due to the strong electrostatic forces between oppositely charged ions in the lattice needing high amounts of energy to overcome.
Define the term volatility.
Volatility refers to the ability of a chemical to vapourise.
True or False?
Ionic compounds are volatile.
False.
Ionic compounds are not volatile as large amounts of energy are required to overcome the strong electrostatic forces of attraction between the ions.
True or False?
Magnesium oxide has a higher melting point than sodium chloride.
True.
Magnesium oxide has a higher melting point than sodium chloride because the charge density of the ions is greater.
Why are ionic compounds soluble in water?
Ionic compounds are soluble in water as they can form ion-dipole bonds.
Explain the conditions in which an ionic compound can conduct electricity.
Ionic compounds can only conduct when they are molten or in solution as the ions can move and carry a charge.