Which of these compounds would act as a nucleophile?
C2H6
H+
OH-
Al
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Syllabus Edition
First teaching 2023
First exams 2025
Which of these compounds would act as a nucleophile?
C2H6
H+
OH-
Al
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Ethene reacts with steam in the presence of sulfuric acid.
C2H4 + H2O → CH3CH2OH
What type of reaction is this?
acid / base
addition
hydrolysis
substitution
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Which reaction is an example of nucleophilic substitution?
C6H6 + Br2 → C6H5Br+ HBr
CH2=CH2 + HBr → CH3CH2Br
C3H7Br + H2O → C3H7OH + HBr
C2H6 + Br2 → C2H5Br + HBr
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Bromomethane, CH3Br, is used as a fumigant to destroy insect pests in grain that is to be stored. It can be made by reacting methanol with hydrogen bromide.
CH3OH + HBr → CH3Br + H2O
What type of reaction is this?
condensation
electrophilic substitution
free radical substitution
nucleophilic substitution
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What reagents and conditions are needed to convert but-2-ene into butane?
Concentrated sulfuric acid, steam, 300oC
Hydrogen gas, Ni catalyst, 150oC
Acidified potassium dichromate, heating under reflux
Hydrogen bromide, room temperature
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Which species can not act as a ligand?
H2O
NH4+
Cl-
OH-
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Which definition of a Lewis acid is correct?
Electron pair donor
Electron pair acceptor
Proton donor
Proton acceptor
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Which of the following best describes ammonia, NH3 , in the following equation?
BF3 + NH3 → BF3NH3
Lewis acid
Lewis base
Coordinate bond
Brønsted-Lowry acid
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Which factors affect the rate of nucleophilic substitution in halogenoalkanes?
I and II only
I and III only
II and III only
I, II and III
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Which halogenoalkane reacts fastest with sodium hydroxide?
1-iodobutane
1-chlorobutane
1-bromobutane
1-fluorobutane
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Which reagents are needed to convert nitrobenzene to phenylamine in 2 steps?
Step 1 | Step 2 | |
A. | tin and concentrated hydrochloric acid | sodium hydroxide |
B. | tin and sodium hydroxide | concentrated hydrochloric acid |
C. | concentrated hydrochloric acid | tin and sodium hydroxide |
D. | sodium hydroxide | tin and concentrated hydrochloric acid |
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Which of the following is true about the structure of benzene?
I and II only
I and III only
II and III only
I, II and III
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4-nitrophenol can be produced from phenol.
What is the name of the mechanism used to make 4-nitrophenol?
Nucleophilic substitution
Nucleophilic addition
Electrophilic addition
Electrophilic substitution
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Which reaction(s) can alkenes undergo?
I and II only
I and III only
II and III only
I, II and III
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Isomers X and Y both react with HBr.
A mixture of X and Y is reacted with HBr.
Which three structures represent three different possible products of this reaction?
A |
(CH3)2CHCBr3 |
(CH3)2CBrCHBr2 |
CH3CHBrCHBrCH3 |
B |
(CH3)2CHCBr3 |
(CH3)2CBrCHBr2 |
CH3CBr2CHBrCH3 |
C |
(CH3)2CBrCBr3 |
(CH3)2CHCBr3 |
CH3CBr2CHBrCH3 |
D |
(CH3)2CBrCHBr2 |
CHBr2CBr(CH3)CH3 |
CH3CHBrCBr2CH3 |
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In the hydrolysis of bromoethane by aqueous sodium hydroxide, what is the nature of the attacking group and of the leaving group?
|
attacking group |
leaving group |
A B C D |
electrophile electrophile nucleophile nucleophile |
electrophile nucleophile electrophile nucleophile |
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In which complexes does iron have an oxidation state of +3?
I and II only
I and III only
II and III only
I, II and III
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Ammonia is a stronger ligand than water. Which statement is correct when concentrated aqueous ammonia solution is added to dilute aqueous copper(II) sulfate solution?
The d-orbitals in the copper ion split.
There is a smaller splitting of the d-orbitals.
Ammonia replaces water as a ligand.
The colour of the solution fades.
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Cobalt forms the complex [Co(NH3)5Cl]2+. Which statements are correct for this complex?
I and II only
I and III only
II and III only
I, II and III
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Which of the following statements is not correct?
A Brønsted-Lowry base is a proton acceptor
Ammonia can act as a Brønsted-Lowry base and Lewis base
A Lewis acid is an electron pair acceptor
A hydroxide ion can only act as a Lewis base
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Which compound will react most readily by an SN2 mechanism?
(CH3)3CBr
CH3CH2CH2CH2Cl
CH3CH2CH2CH2Br
(CH3)3CCl
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An alkene, X, undergoes electrophilic addition with hydrogen bromide to form a halogenoalkane, Y, as the minor product.
The halogenoalkane, Y , can react with sodium hydroxide in aqueous conditions to form butan-1-ol.
What is the correct identity of the alkene, X?
2-methylpropene
But-1-ene
But-2-ene
Pent-1-ene
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Benzene can undergo nitration to form nitrobenzene. Which of the following statements is not correct?
Concentrated nitric acid acts as a base
A nitronium ion acts as an electrophile
HSO4- is produced in the formation of the electrophile
Aluminum chloride is required as a catalyst for the reaction
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The synthesis of ethyl butanoate can be carried out in three steps:
I II III
C4H9Br → C4H9OH → C3H7COOH → C3H7COOC2H5
What is the correct classification of the steps?
|
I |
II |
III |
A |
substitution |
oxidation |
condensation |
B |
addition |
substitution |
condensation |
C |
oxidation |
substitution |
condensation |
D |
substitution |
oxidation |
substitution |
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Which of the following reactions produces only pentan-2-ol?
Water and pent-1-ene
1-bromopentane and ethanolic NaOH
Water and pent-2-ene
2-bromopentane and ethanolic NaOH
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Which compound could be X in this two step reaction pathway?
C3H8 → X → C3H7OH
C2H5CN
C3H7Cl
C3H6Cl2
C2H5COOH
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Limonene is an oil formed in the peel of citrus fruits.
Which product is formed when an excess of bromine, Br2(l), reacts with limonene at room temperature in the dark?
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Which compound has an Mr of 84.18 and will react with HBr to give a product with an Mr of 165.09?
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Which compound is produced in the reaction between pent-2-ene and steam?
(CH3)2CHCH2CH2OH
CH3CH(OH)CH2CH2CH2CH3
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2OH
CH3CH2CH2CH(OH)CH3
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Copper forms the complex [CuCl4]2-. Which statements are correct for this complex?
I and II only
I and III only
II and III only
I, II and III
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Consider the following equation
AgCl + 2NH3→ [Ag(NH3)2]+ + Cl-
Which of the following statements is correct?
Silver is acting as a Lewis base
AgCl is acting a Lewis base
NH3 is acting as a Brønsted-Lowry base
Silver ions are acting as a Lewis acid
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Which molecule can react with both sodium borohydride, NaBH4, and warm acidified potassium dichromate(VI)?
CH3CHOHCH3
CH3C(CH3)2CHO
(CH3)3COH
CH3C(CH3)2CH2OH
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But-1-ene is reacted first with hydrogen chloride to produce X, which is then reacted with aqueous sodium hydroxide to give Y.
Finally, Y is reacted with excess acidified potassium dichromate solution.
What is the major product, Z?
CH3(CH2)2CH2OH
CH3COCH2CH3
CHOCH2CH2CH3
CH3(CH2)3COOH
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Which halogenoalkane will react fastest with a 0.1 mol dm-3 solution of aqueous sodium hydroxide?
2-bromo-2-methylpropane
2-iodo-2-methylpropane
1-bromobutane
1-iodobutane
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Which statement is correct about the major reaction between 1-bromobutane, CH3CH2CH2CH2Br, and dilute sodium hydroxide solution, NaOH (aq)?
The rate equation is second order.
The hydroxide ion acts as a Brønsted–Lowry acid.
The reaction has two distinct steps.
Water is a product.
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Which of the following would not be a product of the reaction of pent-1-ene with HCl?
CH2ClCHClCH2CH2CH3
CHClCH2CH2CH2CH3
CH3CH2CHClCH2CH3
CH3(CH2)2CHClCH3
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But-1-ene reacts separately with HBr and H2/ Ni to give products X and Z respectively.
What are the major products of the reactions?
X | Z | |
A. | CH2BrCH2CH2CH3 | CH3CH2CCH |
B. | CH3CH2CH2CH2OH | CH3CH2CH2CH3 |
C. | CH3CHBrCH2CH3 | CH3CH2CCH |
D. | CH3CHBrCH2CH3 | CH3CH2CH2CH3 |
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