Syllabus Edition

First teaching 2023

First exams 2025

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The Nuclear Atom (HL IB Chemistry)

Exam Questions

1 hour26 questions
1a
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3 marks

Deduce the missing information using section 6 of the data booklet, and complete the following table.

Symbol Protons Neutrons Electrons
23Na      
32S2-      
86Sr2+      

1b
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2 marks

A sample of Rh contains the following isotopes. Calculate the relative atomic mass of Rh in the sample. Give your answer to 2 dp.

Isotope % Abundance
101Rh 85
102Rh 15

1c
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2 marks

Deduce the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in an atom of 102Rh.

1d1 mark

Give the atomic symbol of an element which has more protons than neutrons. Use its most common isotope.

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2a
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1 mark

The atomic mass of each element in the periodic table is based on the carbon-12 scale.

Describe the composition of an atom of carbon-12.

2b
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1 mark

Carbon also exists as the isotope 14C. How does the composition of this isotope differ from that of carbon-12.

2c1 mark

The relative abundance of isotopes in a sample of carbon is 94% 12C and 6% 14C.

How would this information be obtained.

2d
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1 mark

Calculate the relative atomic mass of the carbon sample in part c)

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3a
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1 mark

Boron contains two isotopes 10B and 11B with a relative abundance of 20% and 80% respectively.

State the difference between these isotopes of boron. 

3b
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3 marks

A sample of antinomy was analysed in the mass spectrometer and two main isotopes were found, 121Sb and 123Sb. 

Calculate the number of protons and neutrons in both isotopes of antimony.

3c1 mark

The graph represents the mass spectrum of antimony. Use the information in the image to calculate the relative atomic mass of antimony. 



2-1_q4d-ocr-a-as--a-level-easy-sq

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1a3 marks

Using your knowledge of atomic structure, complete the table below for the particles found in an atom. 

Particle

Relative charge

Relative mass

Proton

   

Neutron

   

Electron

   

1b1 mark

The actual mass of protons, neutrons and electrons is given.

 

Proton

Neutron

Electron

Mass (kg)

1.672622 x 10-27

1.674927 x 10-27

9.109383 x 10-31

 

Calculate the mass, in g, of a nitrogen molecule.

1c2 marks

Oxygen consists of three stable isotopes, oxygen-16, oxygen-17, and oxygen-18.

State the particles present in each isotope and outline what differences would be expected in the chemical reactivity of the three isotopes.

1d1 mark

Suggest why some elements have several isotopes and others, like fluorine, have only one known isotope (known as monoisotopic elements).

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2a2 marks

Nitrous oxide is used as a sedative in dentistry and has the formula N2O.
Different sources of N2O contain different ratios of 14N and 15N.           

State the name of the instrument used to distinguish between 14N and 15N and outline two characteristic differences seen in the analysis of 14N and 15N.

2b2 marks

A sample of nitrous oxide was enriched so that it contained 4% by mass of 15N. Calculate the relative molecular mass of the resulting nitrous oxide.

2c3 marks

Predict and explain, giving two reasons, how the first ionization energy of 15N would be different to 14N.

2d2 marks

An atom has twice as many protons, and twice as many neutrons, as an atom of 15N.

Determine the chemical symbol for this atom, including the mass number, and deduce the number of electrons.

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3a3 marks

A and B are different chemical elements, from different groups in the Periodic Table.

State why mA and nA have identical chemical properties, but mA and pB have different chemical properties. 

3b
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2 marks

Atoms are made up of three subatomic particles; protons, neutrons and electrons.

Particle Proton Neutron Electron
Mass / kg 1.673 x 10–27  1.675 x 10–27  9.000 x 10–31 

Calculate the mass of one atom of carbon in kg.

3c1 mark

12C, 13C and 14C are all isotopes of carbon.

State the difference between these three isotopes in terms of subatomic particles.

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1a2 marks

Give the full electron configuration of the following atoms and ions.

i)        Zinc (II) ion, Zn2+

[1]

ii)       Copper (II) ion, Cu2+

[1]

1b
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3 marks

Chlorine has two naturally occurring isotopes, 35Cl with a mass of 34.969 and 37Cl with a mass of 36.966. The relative atomic mass of Cl is 35.5. Calculate the percentage abundance of each isotope.

1c2 marks

Predict whether the atomic radius of 35Cl or 37Cl would be the greater and give a reason for your answer. 

1d
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4 marks

A sample of cerium, Ce, was analysed in a  mass spectrometer. The relative abundances of three of the four main isotopes that were identified are shown in the table below.

A sample of cerium, Ce, has four isotopes that have a known relative abundance. This sample has an Ar of 140.12.

Isotope

136Ce

138Ce

140Ce

mCe

Abundance (%)

0.19

0.25

88.45

To be calculated 

Use the data from the table to calculate m, the mass number and the percentage abundance of isotope mCe.

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2a
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3 marks

A sample of element Z was extracted from a meteorite. The table shows the relative abundance of each isotope in a mass spectrum of this sample of Z. Calculate the relative atomic mass of Z and suggest an identity of Z. Give your answer to 1 d.p. 

m/z value

64

66

67

68

Relative abundance (%)

38.9

27.8

14.7

18.6

2b
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3 marks

A naturally occurring sample of the element boron, B, has two isotopes of mass 10 and 11, and a relative atomic mass of 10.8.

Calculate the relative abundances of both isotopes in the sample of boron, B.

2c1 mark

Give the full electron configuration of the Cu+ ion. 

2d
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3 marks

Calculate the percentage abundance of 63Cu with a mass of 62.9296 and 65Cu with a mass of 64.9278, when the average mass of the Cu isotope is 63.546. Give your answer to an appropriate number of significant figures.

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3a2 marks

Outline why the chlorine atom has a smaller atomic radius than the sulfur atom.

3b1 mark

The mass spectrum of chlorine gas is shown.

chlorine-mass-spectrum

 Outline the reason for the two peaks at m/z = 35 and 37.

3c2 marks

Explain the presence and relative abundance of the peak at m/z = 74.

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