Syllabus Edition

First teaching 2023

First exams 2025

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Introduction to the Particulate Nature of Matter (HL IB Chemistry)

Exam Questions

1 hour19 questions
1a1 mark

Name of the process that occurs when a gas turns into a liquid.

1b
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1 mark

Name process that occurs when a solid turns into a gas without first forming a liquid.

1c3 marks

State the meaning of the following terms:

Compound

Heterogeneous mixture

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2a3 marks

Complete the table by adding information about solids, liquids and gases.

  particle separation particle arrangement type of motion
solid   regular vibrate only
liquid some touching   random
gas apart random  

2b1 mark

The graph shows the change in temperature as a sample of a gas is cooled.

q5b0620-s20-qp-43

Name the change of state taking place between A and B.

2c1 mark

How the volume of bromine gas changes with temperature, at constant pressure, is shown in the graph. 

q4b-0620_s19_qp_32 
Describe how the volume of the bromine gas changes with temperature.

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3a3 marks

A student separated water from salty water using the apparatus in the diagram below.

 

saltwater-distillation-aqa-sq-1-1m-7d
 
i)
Name of this method of separation.
[1]
ii)
By referring to points 1 and 2 in the diagram, describe how this technique works.
[2]
3b4 marks

A student set up similar apparatus to separate a mixture of ethanol and water. Ethanol and water have boiling points of 78 °C and 100 °C respectively.

i)
State which method should be used to separate these two liquids.
[1]

ii)
Describe how this method separates the two liquids. You should make reference to their boiling points.
[3]
3c1 mark

A different alcohol butanol has a melting point of -89 °C and a boiling point of 118 °C.

Give the state of butanol at -10 °C?

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1a3 marks

A sample of pure solid sulfur dioxide was slowly heated from –100 °C, which is below its melting point, to 0 °C, which is above its boiling point. Its temperature is measured every minute and the results are represented on the graph.

heating-curve-m-q1-ib-sq

i)
Complete the equation for the equilibrium present in the region BC.
SO2 (s) rightwards harpoon over leftwards harpoon....................
[1]
ii)
What is the physical state of SO2 in the region after E?
[1]
iii)
What would be the difference in the region BC if an impure sample of SO2 had been used?
[1]

1b2 marks

Using the graph in part (a), complete the table by comparing the separation and movement of the molecules in regions A to B with those in C to D

  A to B C to D

separation (distance
between particles)

   

movement of particles

 vibrate around a fixed position  

Ability to move apart

   

1c1 mark

Explain why the temperature remains constant between B and C.

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2a3 marks

Solid iodine has the structure shown below.

Under standard conditions (298.15 K and 100 kPa) it will undergo sublimation

structure-of-iodine-bw

i)
Write a symbol equation for the deposition of gaseous iodine and explain why this is described as a physical process
[2]
ii)
State and explain whether this change is exothermic or endothermic
[1]

 

2b3 marks

Explain why gaseous iodine occupies a significantly greater volume than solid iodine.

2c2 marks

State two physical differences between solid iodine and gaseous iodine.

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3a3 marks

During the manufacture of a commercial drink, a batch containing water, sugar, dyes and flavouring concentrates became contaminated with an unknown solid during the mixing process.

i)
State the type of mixture that best describes this batch.
[1]
ii)
Draw a labelled set of apparatus required to isolate the solid particles in the mixture
[2]
3b2 marks
i)
State the method that could be used to isolate the dissolved solids, such as dyes and flavourings, from the mixture.
[1]
ii)
State the method that could be used to separate the dyes and flavourings once they have been isolated.
[1]
3c2 marks

Once the flavourings have been separated chromatography is used to identify them. The sample was labelled X.

A, B and C are reference flavourings used in this process.

chromatography-results-aqa-gcse-sq-8-1m-3c

i)
Identify which flavourings are present in sample X.
[1]
ii)
Identify, giving a reason, the least soluble flavouring.
[1]

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1a3 marks

Describe how an increase in temperature affects the movement of particles in a liquid.

1b4 marks

Carbon is an element in Group 14.

C60 sublimes at approximately 800 K.


C60 (s) → C60 (g)

Diamond also sublimes but only above 3800 K.

Cdiamond (s) → C (g)

Explain, with reference to their structure and properties, why C60 and diamond sublime at such different temperatures.

1c
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7 marks

0.144 g of C60 is placed in a 100 x 10-6 m3 container of hydrogen gas at a temperature of 25 °C and a pressure of 100 kPa.

The container is heated to make the C60 and hydrogen gas react. The reaction occurs as shown in the equation.


C60 (s) + xH2 (g) → C60H2x (s)


After the reaction, the container is allowed to cool to 25 °C. The pressure decreases to 20.8 kPa. All of the C60 has reacted. 

i)
Calculate the amount, in mols, of C60 that reacts.

[1]

ii)
Calculate the amount, in mols, of hydrogen gas that reacted with the C60.

[3]

iii)
Use your answers from (ii) and (iii) to deduce the correct balanced equation.

[3]

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2a3 marks

An ink is a mixture of coloured substances dissolved in water.

A sample of ink, K, is known to contain three different coloured substances.

Discuss the use of the following methods to separate the coloured substances in the sample of ink, K.

  • chromatography
  • crystalisation
  • filtration
  • fractional distillation
  • simple distillation
2b4 marks

Chromatography can be used to separate a mixture of ions from different transition element compounds.

Two solutions, Y and Z were placed on a piece of chromatography paper.

Four samples, R, S, T and U, each containing transition element ions, were also placed on the same piece of chromatography paper.

The results of the chromatography are shown.

12-2-4d-h-chromatography-results 
i)
Explain the results shown for solutions Y and Z.
 
[1]
 
ii)
Which sample does not contain the same ions as either solution Y or solution Z?
 
[1]
 
iii)
Which sample contains the same ions as both solution Y and solution Z?
 
[1]
 
iv)
Which sample has the greatest number of transition element ions?
[1]
 
2c5 marks

12.2 g of hydrated iron(II) sulfate, FeSO4.xH2O were dissolved in acidic solution and made up to a volume of 500 cm3.  A 25.0 cm3 sample of this solution was titrated against 0.0200 mol dm-3 potassium manganate(VII) solution.  21.95 cm3 of this solution were required.

The following reaction took place:

5Fe2++ MnO4- + 8H+ → 5Fe3+ + Mn2+ + 4H2O

i)
Calculate the amount, in mol, of MnO4-

[1]

ii)
Calculate the amount, in mol, of Fe2+ in the original sample

[2]

iii)
Calculate the value of x in FeSO4.xH2O

[2]

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3a3 marks

Krypton is a gas at room temperature. Krypton atoms, are spread far apart and move in a random manner at high speed. Krypton is shipped as a liquid.

Compare the movement and arrangement of the molecules in liquid krypton to those in krypton gas.

3b2 marks

A sealed container contains krypton gas. 

Explain why the pressure inside the container increases when the temperature is increased.

3c3 marks

Explain why gases expand to fill their containers.

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