Genes & Polypeptides
- A gene is a section or length of DNA that codes for a polypeptide
- Genes are heritable factors that influence specific characteristics (via the polypeptides produced)
- Characteristic means a feature of an organism like height in pea plants or blood group in humans
- Heritable means genes are factors that pass from parent to offspring during reproduction
- A gene occupies a specific position on a chromosome
- The gene for a particular characteristic is always found at the same position or locus (plural is loci) on a particular chromosome
A gene consists of a length of DNA found in the nucleus. This length of DNA causes a specific characteristic by coding for specific polypeptides.
Examiner Tip
Remember – each chromosome in a human cell nucleus contains one very long DNA molecule. This DNA molecule is made up of thousands of specific nucleotide sequences called genes that code for specific polypeptides.